Cypryk Katarzyna, Szymczak Wiesław, Pertyńska-Marczewska Magdalena, Zawodniak-Szałapska Małgorzata, Lewiński Andrzej
Klinika Endokrynologii i Terapii Izotopowej Uniwersytetu Medycznego, Instytut Centrum Zdrowia Matki Polki w łodz.
Pol Merkur Lekarski. 2005 Jan;18(103):70-3.
Women who suffered from impaired carbohydrate metabolism during pregnancy are more likely to develop different types of diabetes later in their lives. The aim of this paper was to study the risk factors for the development of diabetes in group of women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in anamnesis.
200 women took part in this study, who had gestational diabetes diagnosed between 1980-1998. All women were divided into 4 groups depending on the type of disorders occurring at the moment of examination: DM1 - women diagnosed with type I diabetes, DM2 - women diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, IGT-women with glucose levels in OGTT, which applied to impaired glucose tolerance (acc. to WHO criteria), NDM - women with no clinical signs of diabetes, with normal result of OGTT.
The risk of diabetes development is significantly higher (independently of the clinical type) in women who had had GDM include: high glucose levels at the time of GDM diagnosis, early onset of symptoms - related to weeks of gestation, and the insulin treatment during pregnancy. However multifactor analysis indicates that the only significant risk factors for DM 1 are early onset of diabetes during pregnancy and high glucose levels 2 hours after OGTT during pregnancy (p < 0.05). High levels of glucose 2 hours after OGTT and high Body Mass Index (BMI) turned out to be the independent risk factors of diabetes type 2 (p < 0.05).
Knowledge of risk factors allows to recognize a diabetes high risk group among women who suffered from diabetes during pregnancy.
孕期患有碳水化合物代谢受损的女性在其晚年更有可能患不同类型的糖尿病。本文的目的是研究有妊娠糖尿病（GDM）病史的女性群体中糖尿病发生的风险因素。
200名女性参与了本研究，她们在1980年至1998年期间被诊断为妊娠糖尿病。根据检查时出现的疾病类型，所有女性被分为4组：DM1 - 被诊断为1型糖尿病的女性；DM2 - 被诊断为2型糖尿病的女性；IGT - OGTT血糖水平符合糖耐量受损（根据世界卫生组织标准）的女性；NDM - 无糖尿病临床症状、OGTT结果正常的女性。
有GDM病史的女性患糖尿病的风险显著更高（与临床类型无关），包括：GDM诊断时血糖水平高、症状出现早 - 与孕周有关，以及孕期接受胰岛素治疗。然而多因素分析表明，DM1的唯一显著风险因素是孕期糖尿病发病早和孕期OGTT后2小时血糖水平高（p < 0.05）。OGTT后2小时血糖水平高和高体重指数（BMI）是2型糖尿病的独立风险因素（p < 0.05）。
了解风险因素有助于在孕期患糖尿病的女性中识别出糖尿病高危群体。
