Buetow S
Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand.
J Med Ethics. 2005 May;31(5):304-6. doi: 10.1136/jme.2004.009258.
Patient responsibilities in primary health care are controversial and, by comparison, the responsibilities of high need patients are less clear. This paper aims to suggest why high need patients receiving targeted entitlements in primary health care are free to have prima facie special responsibilities; why, given this freedom, these patients morally have special responsibilities; what these responsibilities are, and how publicly funded health systems ought to be able to respond when these remain unmet. It is suggested that the special responsibilities and their place in public policy acquire moral significance as a means to discharge a moral debt, share special knowledge, and produce desirable consequences in regard to personal and collective interests. Special responsibilities magnify ordinary patient responsibilities and require patients not to hesitate regarding attendance for primary health care. Persistent patient disregard of special responsibilities may necessitate limiting the scope of these responsibilities, removing system barriers, or respecifying special rights.
初级卫生保健中患者的责任存在争议,相比之下,高需求患者的责任则不太明确。本文旨在说明为何在初级卫生保健中获得定向权益的高需求患者可以有表面上的特殊责任;鉴于这种自由,这些患者在道德上为何负有特殊责任;这些责任是什么,以及当这些责任未得到履行时,公共资助的卫生系统应如何做出回应。有人认为,特殊责任及其在公共政策中的地位具有道德意义,可作为履行道德债务、分享特殊知识以及产生符合个人和集体利益的理想后果的一种手段。特殊责任强化了普通患者的责任,并要求患者毫不犹豫地就医接受初级卫生保健。患者持续无视特殊责任可能有必要限制这些责任的范围、消除系统障碍或重新明确特殊权利。