Auer Nadja, Hedger John N, Evans Christine S
Fungal Biotechnology Group, University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish Street, London, W1W 6UW, UK.
Biodegradation. 2005 Jun;16(3):229-36. doi: 10.1007/s10532-004-0896-9.
Three lignocellulolytic fungi, Trametes versicolor, Pleurotus ostreatus, and Coprinus cinereus, and two cellulolytic fungi Trichoderma reesei and Chaetomium elatum were tested for their ability to degrade nitrocellulose. They were provided with different carbon and nitrogen sources in liquid cultures. Nitrocellulose (N content above 12%) was added as nitrogen source (in solution in acetone) alongside amino acids or as sole N source. Either starch or carboxy-methyl cellulose were provided as carbon sources. After 28 days of growth the highest decrease of nitrocellulose was observed with Chaetomium elatum when up to 43% was degraded in a medium containing nitrocellulose as the only nitrogen source. Coprinus cinereus caused a 37% decrease of nitrocellulose when provided with amino acids and starch as co-substrate. In cultures of Trametes versicolor, Pleurotus ostreatus and Trichoderma reesei, only 10%-22% decrease of nitrocellulose was measured in all media. In the presence of nitrocellulose with N content below 12% supplied as 3 mm pellets as the only carbon source, or with nitrocellulose with carboxy-methyl cellulose, the release of nitrite and nitrate from liquid cultures of Chaetomium elatum was measured. Between 6 and 9 days of growth in these media, an increase in both nitrite and nitrate was observed with a loss in weight of nitrocellulose up to 6% achieved after 34 days. The physical nature of the NC pellets may have reduced the rate of degradation in comparison with supplying NC in solution in the cultures.
对三种木质纤维素分解真菌云芝、糙皮侧耳和灰盖鬼伞，以及两种纤维素分解真菌里氏木霉和高大毛壳降解硝化纤维素的能力进行了测试。在液体培养中为它们提供不同的碳源和氮源。将硝化纤维素（氮含量高于12%）作为氮源（溶于丙酮）与氨基酸一起添加或作为唯一氮源添加。提供淀粉或羧甲基纤维素作为碳源。生长28天后，观察到高大毛壳对硝化纤维素的降解率最高，在以硝化纤维素作为唯一氮源的培养基中，高达43%的硝化纤维素被降解。当以氨基酸和淀粉作为共底物时，灰盖鬼伞使硝化纤维素减少了37%。在云芝、糙皮侧耳和里氏木霉的培养物中，所有培养基中硝化纤维素的减少量仅为10%-22%。在以3毫米颗粒形式提供的氮含量低于12%的硝化纤维素作为唯一碳源，或硝化纤维素与羧甲基纤维素共存的情况下，测量了高大毛壳液体培养物中亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐的释放量。在这些培养基中生长6至9天后，观察到亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐均增加，34天后硝化纤维素重量损失高达6%。与在培养物中以溶液形式提供硝化纤维素相比，硝化纤维素颗粒的物理性质可能降低了降解速率。
