Kramer Elena M
Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
Methods Enzymol. 2005;395:617-36. doi: 10.1016/S0076-6879(05)95032-5.
A major component of evolutionary developmental (evo-devo) genetics is the analysis of gene expression patterns in nonmodel species. This comparative approach can take many forms, including reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, Northern blot hybridization, and in situ hybridization. The choice of technique depends on several issues such as the availability of fresh tissue, as well as the expected expression level and pattern of the candidate gene in question. Although the protocols for these procedures are fairly standard, optimization is often required because of the specific characteristics of the species under analysis. This chapter describes several methods commonly used to determine gene expression patterns in angiosperms, particularly in floral tissues. Suggestions for adapting basic protocols for diverse taxa and troubleshooting are also extensively discussed.
进化发育（evo-devo）遗传学的一个主要组成部分是对非模式物种基因表达模式的分析。这种比较方法可以有多种形式，包括逆转录聚合酶链反应、Northern印迹杂交和原位杂交。技术的选择取决于几个因素，如新鲜组织的可用性，以及所研究候选基因的预期表达水平和模式。尽管这些程序的方案相当标准，但由于所分析物种的特定特征，通常仍需要进行优化。本章描述了几种常用于确定被子植物，特别是花组织中基因表达模式的方法。还广泛讨论了针对不同分类群调整基本方案的建议和故障排除方法。
