Booth Katie M, Pinkston Megan M, Poston Walker S Carlos
Health Research Group, Mid America Heart Institute and University of Missouri-Kansas City, 64110, USA.
J Am Diet Assoc. 2005 May;105(5 Suppl 1):S110-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jada.2005.02.045.
Biological, psychological, behavioral, and social factors are unable to fully explain or curtail the obesity epidemic. In this article we review research on the influence of the built environment on obesity. Studies were evaluated with regard to their methods of assessing the environment and obesity, as well as to their effects. Methods used to investigate the relationships between the built environment and obesity were found to be dissimilar across studies and varied from indirect to direct. Levels of assessment between and within studies varied from entire counties down to the individual level. Despite this, obesity was linked with area of residence, resources, television, walkability, land use, sprawl, and level of deprivation, showing promise for research utilizing more consistent assessment methods. Recommendations were made to use more direct methods of assessing the environment, which would include specific targeting of institutions thought to vary widely in relation to area characteristics and have a more influential effect on obesity-related behaviors. Interventions should be developed from the individual to the neighborhood level, specifically focusing on the effects of eliminating barriers and making neighborhood level improvements that would facilitate the elimination of obesogenic environments.
生物、心理、行为和社会因素无法充分解释或遏制肥胖症的流行。在本文中，我们回顾了关于建筑环境对肥胖影响的研究。对各项研究在评估环境和肥胖的方法以及其效果方面进行了评估。研究发现，用于调查建筑环境与肥胖之间关系的方法在不同研究中各不相同，从间接方法到直接方法都有。研究之间和研究内部的评估水平从整个县到个体层面都有所不同。尽管如此，肥胖与居住地区、资源、电视、步行便利性、土地利用、城市扩张和贫困程度相关，这表明利用更一致的评估方法进行研究具有前景。建议采用更直接的环境评估方法，这将包括具体针对那些被认为在区域特征方面差异很大且对肥胖相关行为有更大影响的机构。干预措施应从个体层面发展到邻里层面，特别关注消除障碍的效果，并在邻里层面进行改善，以促进消除致胖环境。
