Omumbo J A, Snow R W
Public Health Group, KEMRI/Wellcome Trust Collaborative Programme PO. Box 43640, 00100 GPO, Nairobi, Kenya.
East Afr Med J. 2004 Dec;81(12):649-56.
Empirical data on malaria endemicity are rarely available for public domain use to guide effective malaria control. This paper describes the work carried in East Africa since 1997 as part of a pan-African collaboration to map the risk of malaria, Mapping Malaria Risk in Africa (MARA) aimed at redressing deficiency.
Studies of cross-sectional community estimates of Plasmodium falciparum prevalence among children aged 0-15 years were identified from a variety of sources including electronic searches of published material, manual review of pre-electronic peer reviewed journals and searches of libraries and archives in Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda. Each survey source, infection prevalence, date, longitude and latitude and survey characteristics were recorded.
All data were subjected to a number of selection criteria including minimum sample sizes, samples randomly selected, community-based surveys, age ranges of sampled communities within 0-15 years, and surveys that were spatially unique. Of the 2,003 survey data points identified since 1907 in East Africa, only 503 were eligible for inclusion in the analysis dating from 1927 to 2003. The spatial plots of the data demonstrate the paucity of information on malaria prevalence from a number of densely populated areas and highlight the concentration of empirical data in concert with research centres in the sub-region.
Models are required to define malaria risk in areas of East Africa where no empirical data are available so that limited resources can be better targeted to those in greatest need.
关于疟疾流行情况的实证数据很少能在公共领域获取，以用于指导有效的疟疾控制。本文描述了自1997年以来在东非开展的工作，这是泛非疟疾风险地图绘制合作项目（“非洲疟疾风险地图绘制”，简称MARA）的一部分，旨在弥补这一不足。
从多种来源确定了对0至15岁儿童中恶性疟原虫感染率进行的横断面社区估计研究，包括对已发表材料的电子检索、对电子时代之前同行评审期刊的人工查阅，以及对肯尼亚、坦桑尼亚和乌干达图书馆和档案馆的检索。记录了每个调查来源、感染率、日期、经度和纬度以及调查特征。
所有数据都经过了一系列选择标准，包括最小样本量、随机选择的样本、基于社区的调查、抽样社区0至15岁的年龄范围，以及空间上独特的调查。在1907年以来在东非确定的2003个调查数据点中，只有503个符合纳入1927年至2003年分析的条件。数据的空间分布图显示，许多人口密集地区缺乏关于疟疾感染率的信息，并突出了实证数据与该次区域研究中心的集中情况。
需要建立模型来界定东非没有实证数据地区的疟疾风险，以便将有限的资源更好地投向最有需求的人群。
