Weiss W Joshua, Bouwer Edward J, Aboytes Ramon, LeChevallier Mark W, O'Melia Charles R, Le Binh T, Schwab Kellogg J
Department of Geography & Environmental Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218-2686, USA.
Water Res. 2005 May;39(10):1990-2001. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2005.03.018.
Microbial monitoring was conducted over a period of more than 1 year at three full-scale riverbank filtration (RBF) facilities, located in the United States along the Ohio, Missouri, and Wabash Rivers. Results of this study demonstrated the potential for RBF to provide substantial reductions in microorganism concentrations relative to the raw water sources. Cryptosporidium and Giardia were detected occasionally in the river waters but never in any of the well waters. Average concentrations and log reductions of Cryptosporidium and Giardia could not be accurately determined due to the low and variable concentrations in the river waters and the lack of detectable concentrations in the well waters. Average concentrations of aerobic and anaerobic spore-forming bacteria, which have both been proposed as potential surrogates for the protozoans, were reduced at the three facilities by 0.8 to > 3.1 logs and 0.4 to > 4.9 logs, respectively. Average concentrations of male-specific and somatic bacteriophage were reduced by > 2.1 logs and 3.2 logs, respectively. Total coliforms were rarely detected in the well waters, with 5.5 and 6.1 log reductions in average concentrations at the two wells at one of the sites relative to the river water. Average turbidity reductions upon RBF at the three sites were between 2.2 and 3.3 logs. Turbidity and microbial concentrations in the river waters generally tracked the river discharge; a similar relationship between the well water concentrations and river discharge was not observed, due to the low, relatively constant well water turbidities and lack of a significant number of detections of microorganisms in the well waters. Further research is needed to better understand the relationships among transport of pathogens (e.g., Cryptosporidium, Giardia, viruses) and potential surrogate parameters (including bacterial spores and bacteriophage) during RBF and the effects of water and sediment characteristics on removal efficiency.
在美国俄亥俄河、密苏里河和沃巴什河沿岸的三个全尺寸河岸过滤（RBF）设施上，进行了为期1年多的微生物监测。本研究结果表明，与原水源相比，RBF有潜力大幅降低微生物浓度。在河水中偶尔检测到隐孢子虫和贾第虫，但在任何井水中均未检测到。由于河水中浓度较低且变化不定，以及井水中缺乏可检测到的浓度，因此无法准确确定隐孢子虫和贾第虫的平均浓度和对数降低率。作为原生动物潜在替代指标的需氧和厌氧芽孢杆菌的平均浓度，在这三个设施中分别降低了0.8至>3.1个对数和0.4至>4.9个对数。雄性特异性噬菌体和体细胞噬菌体的平均浓度分别降低了>2.1个对数和3.2个对数。井水中很少检测到总大肠菌群，其中一个地点的两口井相对于河水，平均浓度降低了5.5和6.1个对数。这三个地点经RBF后的平均浊度降低在2.2至3.3个对数之间。河水中的浊度和微生物浓度通常与河流流量相关；未观察到井水浓度与河流流量之间存在类似关系，这是由于井水浊度较低且相对恒定，以及井水中微生物检测数量较少。需要进一步研究，以更好地了解RBF过程中病原体（如隐孢子虫、贾第虫、病毒）的传输与潜在替代参数（包括细菌芽孢和噬菌体）之间的关系，以及水和沉积物特征对去除效率的影响。
