Plutzer J, Takó M H, Márialigeti K, Törökné A, Karanis P
National Institute of Environmental Health, Department of Water Hygiene, Budapest Gyáli u. 2-6. H-1096, Hungary.
J Water Health. 2007 Dec;5(4):573-84. doi: 10.2166/wh.2007.007.
Safe drinking water is a top priority in preventing disease outbreaks and is of general concern to everyone. This study examines the occurrence of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in Hungarian drinking water supplies for the first time. A total of 76 raw and drinking water samples were examined using the U.S. EPA Method 1623. From these 15 of 34 (48.4%) raw water samples tested positive for Giardia and 7 (26.6%) for Cryptosporidium. Twelve of 45 (26.7%) drinking water samples were positive for Giardia and 6 (13.3%) for Cryptosporidium. Overall, Giardia cysts and/or Cryptosporidium oocysts were detected in 48% of the raw water samples and 35% of the drinking water samples. The highest levels in drinking water were found to be 3 oocysts/100 litres of Cryptosporidium and 63.6 cysts/100 litres for Giardia, enough to cause giardiasis. The highest levels in raw water were 1,030 cysts/100 litres for Giardia and 50 oocysts/100 litres for Cryptosporidium and higher oocyst densities were associated with source water receiving effluents from sewage treatment plants or originating from a forest environment. In addition to this monitoring, riverbank filtrated water and raw water from the River Danube in Budapest were monitored in order to ascertain protozoan removal efficiency of riverbank filtration (RBF). A total of 157 samples, including 87 samples from the River Danube and 70 samples post RBF, were examined. Cryptosporidium and Giardia were detected regularly in the river water but never in riverbank filtered water suggesting the effectiveness of RBF as a purification method. The occurrence of Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts in the investigated water supplies may require the water utilities and water authorities in Hungary to apply additional monitoring and treatment and/or watershed controls.
安全饮用水是预防疾病爆发的首要任务，也是每个人普遍关注的问题。本研究首次对匈牙利饮用水供应中隐孢子虫和贾第虫的存在情况进行了调查。使用美国环保署方法1623对总共76个原水和饮用水样本进行了检测。在这些样本中，34个原水样本中有15个（48.4%）贾第虫检测呈阳性，7个（26.6%）隐孢子虫检测呈阳性。45个饮用水样本中有12个（26.7%）贾第虫检测呈阳性，6个（13.3%）隐孢子虫检测呈阳性。总体而言，48%的原水样本和35%的饮用水样本中检测到了贾第虫包囊和/或隐孢子虫卵囊。饮用水中检测到的最高水平为每100升水中有3个隐孢子虫卵囊和63.6个贾第虫包囊，足以引发贾第虫病。原水中的最高水平为每100升水中有1030个贾第虫包囊和50个隐孢子虫卵囊，并且较高的卵囊密度与接收污水处理厂废水或源自森林环境的水源水有关。除了此次监测外，还对布达佩斯多瑙河的岸边渗透水和原水进行了监测，以确定岸边过滤（RBF）对原生动物的去除效率。总共检测了157个样本，其中包括多瑙河的87个样本和岸边过滤后的70个样本。在河水中经常检测到隐孢子虫和贾第虫，但在岸边渗透水中从未检测到，这表明岸边过滤作为一种净化方法是有效的。在所调查的供水系统中隐孢子虫卵囊和贾第虫包囊的出现情况可能要求匈牙利的自来水公司和水务部门采取额外的监测和处理措施及/或流域控制措施。
