Spezia Sandro, Bocca Beatrice, Forte Giovanni, Gatti Anna, Mincione Giovanna, Ronchi Anna, Bavazzano Paolo, Alimonti Alessandro, Minoia Claudio
Laboratory for Environmental and Toxicological Testing, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 2005;19(11):1551-6. doi: 10.1002/rcm.1955.
In recent years the increasing use of platinum (Pt) both in medical and in industrial applications has caused its growing anthropogenic emission and spread in the environment. Pt is released into the atmosphere by exhaust catalytic converters, and Pt compounds are often used in antitumour therapies. As a consequence, significant amounts of Pt can be detected in hospital wastewaters. This can lead to an increase in the exposure levels to Pt, especially in urban areas. It is therefore necessary to determine Pt reference values in the general population, by using suitable procedures able to achieve adequate analytical performances. Several measurements of Pt in biological fluids have been reported, but the analytical methods used for the determination of Pt often lack information about the uncertainty of the results, especially for low concentrations of urinary Pt in non-occupationally exposed subjects. The present paper considers the measurement of urinary Pt levels in a general population group from central Italy, by both quadrupole (Q) and sector field (SF) inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The two procedures were validated and their expanded uncertainties were evaluated. The limits of detection (LODs), calculated taking into account dilution factors, were 0.18 and 0.05 ng L(-1) of Pt for the Q and SF procedures, respectively. The median value observed was 4.13 ng L(-1) of Pt in urine, while the relative combined uncertainty at 5 ng L(-1) was below 20% with both ICP-MS techniques. These data are in good agreement with those reported in the literature for similar studies.
近年来，铂（Pt）在医学和工业应用中的使用日益增加，导致其人为排放量不断上升，并在环境中扩散。铂通过排气催化转化器释放到大气中，铂化合物常用于抗肿瘤治疗。因此，医院废水中可检测到大量的铂。这可能导致铂的暴露水平增加，尤其是在城市地区。因此，有必要通过使用能够实现足够分析性能的合适程序来确定一般人群中的铂参考值。已有关于生物体液中铂的多项测量报告，但用于测定铂的分析方法往往缺乏结果不确定性的信息，特别是对于非职业暴露人群中低浓度的尿铂。本文通过四极杆（Q）和扇形场（SF）电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）测定了意大利中部一般人群组中的尿铂水平。对这两种方法进行了验证，并评估了它们的扩展不确定度。考虑稀释因子计算得出的检测限（LOD），Q法和SF法分别为0.18和0.05 ng L⁻¹的铂。观察到的尿铂中位数为4.13 ng L⁻¹，而两种ICP-MS技术在5 ng L⁻¹时的相对合成不确定度均低于20%。这些数据与文献中类似研究报告的数据高度一致。
