Hoff J L, Townsend L W, Zapp E N
Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-2300, USA.
Adv Space Res. 2004;34(6):1347-52. doi: 10.1016/j.asr.2003.08.056.
Previously, calculations of bone marrow dose from the large solar particle event (SPE) of July 2000 were carried out using the BRYNTRN space radiation transport code and the computerized anatomical man (CAM) model. Results indicated that the dose for a bone marrow site in the mid-thigh might be twice as large as the dose for a site in the pelvis. These large variations may be significant for space radiation protection purposes, which traditionally use an average of many (typically 33) sites throughout the body. Other organs that cover large portions of the body, such as the skin, may also exhibit similar variations with doses differing from site to site. The skin traditionally uses an average of 32 sites throughout the body. Variations also occur from site to site among the dose equivalents, which may be important in determining stochastic effects. In this work, the magnitudes of dose and dose equivalent variations from site to site are investigated. The BRYNTRN and HZETRN transport codes and the CAM model are used to estimate bone marrow and skin doses and dose equivalents as a function of position in the body for several large solar particle events and annual galactic cosmic ray spectra from throughout the space era. These position-specific results are compared with the average values usually used for radiation protection purposes. Various thicknesses of aluminum shielding, representative of nominal spacecraft, are used in the analyses.
此前，利用BRYNTRN空间辐射传输代码和计算机化人体模型（CAM）对2000年7月大太阳粒子事件（SPE）的骨髓剂量进行了计算。结果表明，大腿中部骨髓部位的剂量可能是骨盆部位剂量的两倍。这些巨大差异对于传统上使用全身多个（通常为33个）部位平均值的空间辐射防护目的可能具有重要意义。身体覆盖面积较大的其他器官，如皮肤，也可能表现出类似的差异，不同部位的剂量各不相同。传统上，皮肤使用全身32个部位的平均值。剂量当量在不同部位之间也会出现差异，这在确定随机效应时可能很重要。在这项工作中，研究了不同部位剂量和剂量当量变化的幅度。使用BRYNTRN和HZETRN传输代码以及CAM模型，针对整个太空时代的几次大太阳粒子事件和年度银河宇宙射线谱，估算骨髓和皮肤剂量以及剂量当量随身体位置的变化。将这些特定位置的结果与通常用于辐射防护目的的平均值进行比较。分析中使用了代表标称航天器的各种厚度的铝屏蔽。
