饲料喂养研究：F344/N大鼠和B6C3F1小鼠中氯化孔雀石绿和无色孔雀石绿的毒理学与致癌性研究。（化学物质登记号分别为569-64-2和129-73-7）

Toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of malachite green chloride and leucomalachite green. (CAS NOS. 569-64-2 and 129-73-7) in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice (feed studies).

出版信息

Natl Toxicol Program Tech Rep Ser. 2005 Feb(527):1-312.

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Malachite green chloride is a dye used to prevent fungus infections in commercial fisheries. Leucomalachite green is formed from malachite green and remains in the tissues of exposed fish. We studied the effects of malachite green on female rats and female mice, and the effects of leucomalachite green on male and female rats and female mice, to identify potential toxic or cancer-related hazards to humans.

METHODS

For each study we mixed the dye into the feed of rats and mice. The doses of malachite green chloride given were 100, 300, or 600 parts per million (ppm) for female rats and 100, 225, or 450 ppm for female mice. Doses of leucomalachite green were 91, 272, or 543 ppm for male and female rats and 91, 204, or 408 ppm for female mice. There were 48 animals in each dose group. Control animals received the same feed with no chemical added. The study lasted for two years. Tissues from more than 40 sites were examined for every animal.

RESULTS

Rats, but not mice, exposed to malachite green chloride or leucomalachite green weighed less on average than the control animals. In rats exposed to the dyes, there were very slight increases in a few types of tumors: cancers of the thyroid gland, liver, and mammary gland in females exposed to malachite green chloride; of the thyroid gland and testes in males exposed to leucomalachite green; and of the thyroid gland and liver of females exposed to leucomalachite green. We saw no increase in cancers in female mice given malachite green chloride, but there was an increase in liver tumors in female mice given to leucomalachite green.

CONCLUSIONS

We conclude that tumors of the thyroid gland, liver, or mammary gland in female rats might have been caused by malachite green chloride, but the malachite green chloride did not cause cancer in female mice. We conclude that leucomalachite green might have caused cancers of the thyroid gland in male and female rats, and of the testes in male rats and liver in female rats. Leucomalachite green caused an increase in cancer of the liver in female mice.

摘要

背景

氯化孔雀石绿是一种用于商业渔业预防真菌感染的染料。无色孔雀石绿由孔雀石绿形成并残留在受染鱼类的组织中。我们研究了孔雀石绿对雌性大鼠和雌性小鼠的影响，以及无色孔雀石绿对雄性和雌性大鼠及雌性小鼠的影响，以确定对人类潜在的毒性或癌症相关危害。

方法

在每项研究中，我们将染料混入大鼠和小鼠的饲料中。给予雌性大鼠的氯化孔雀石绿剂量为百万分之100、300或600（ppm），给予雌性小鼠的剂量为百万分之100、225或450 ppm。给予雄性和雌性大鼠的无色孔雀石绿剂量为百万分之91、272或543 ppm，给予雌性小鼠的剂量为百万分之91、204或408 ppm。每个剂量组有48只动物。对照动物接受添加了无化学物质的相同饲料。研究持续两年。对每只动物40多个部位的组织进行了检查。

结果

接触氯化孔雀石绿或无色孔雀石绿的大鼠平均体重低于对照动物，但小鼠未出现这种情况。在接触染料的大鼠中，几种类型的肿瘤有非常轻微的增加：接触氯化孔雀石绿的雌性大鼠甲状腺、肝脏和乳腺的癌症；接触无色孔雀石绿的雄性大鼠甲状腺和睾丸的癌症；以及接触无色孔雀石绿的雌性大鼠甲状腺和肝脏的癌症。我们发现给予氯化孔雀石绿的雌性小鼠癌症没有增加，但给予无色孔雀石绿的雌性小鼠肝脏肿瘤有增加。