Culp Sandra J, Mellick Paul W, Trotter Ronald W, Greenlees Kevin J, Kodell Ralph L, Beland Frederick A
Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, United States.
Food Chem Toxicol. 2006 Aug;44(8):1204-12. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2006.01.016. Epub 2006 Mar 22.
Malachite green is a triphenylmethane dye used in the fish industry as an anti-fungal agent. Leucomalachite green is formed by the metabolic reduction of malachite green and persists in the tissues of exposed fish. In this study, we examined the carcinogenicity of malachite green chloride and leucomalachite green. Female F344 rats (48 per group) were fed diets containing 0, 100, 300, or 600 ppm malachite green chloride for 104 weeks, at which time the extent of tumorigenesis was assessed. Additional groups of 48 female and 48 male F344 rats were fed diets containing 0, 91, 272, or 543 ppm leucomalachite green for 104 weeks. Groups of 48 female B6C3F1 mice were fed diets containing 0, 100, 225, or 450 ppm malachite green chloride or 0, 91, 204, or 408 ppm leucomalachite green for 104 weeks. For each of the exposures, food consumption in the treatment groups was similar to the controls. Rats fed malachite green chloride or leucomalachite green had dose-dependent reductions in body weight; in mice, there were no consistent effects upon body weights with either compound. Female rats exposed to malachite green chloride had increased incidences of thyroid gland follicular cell adenoma or carcinoma and hepatocellular adenoma, and a dose-related increasing trend in mammary gland carcinoma. Female rats fed malachite green chloride and female and male rats fed leucomalachite green had a dose-related decreasing trend in the incidence of mononuclear cell leukemia. In male rats fed leucomalachite green there was a decreasing trend in pituitary gland adenoma and an increasing trend in interstitial cell adenoma of the testis. There were no treatment-related neoplasms in female B6C3F1 mice fed malachite green chloride. Female mice fed leucomalachite green had a dose-related increasing trend in the incidence of hepatocellular adenoma or carcinoma, with the incidence being significant in the highest dose group.
孔雀石绿是一种三苯甲烷染料，在渔业中用作抗真菌剂。隐色孔雀石绿是由孔雀石绿代谢还原形成的，并在受暴露鱼类的组织中持续存在。在本研究中，我们检测了氯化孔雀石绿和隐色孔雀石绿的致癌性。将雌性F344大鼠（每组48只）喂食含0、100、300或600 ppm氯化孔雀石绿的饲料104周，此时评估肿瘤发生程度。另外几组48只雌性和48只雄性F344大鼠喂食含0、91、272或543 ppm隐色孔雀石绿的饲料104周。将48只雌性B6C3F1小鼠分组，喂食含0、100、225或450 ppm氯化孔雀石绿或0、91、204或408 ppm隐色孔雀石绿的饲料104周。对于每种暴露情况，处理组的食物消耗量与对照组相似。喂食氯化孔雀石绿或隐色孔雀石绿的大鼠体重呈剂量依赖性降低；在小鼠中，两种化合物对体重均无一致影响。暴露于氯化孔雀石绿的雌性大鼠甲状腺滤泡细胞腺瘤或癌以及肝细胞腺瘤的发生率增加，且乳腺癌呈剂量相关的上升趋势。喂食氯化孔雀石绿的雌性大鼠以及喂食隐色孔雀石绿的雌性和雄性大鼠单核细胞白血病的发生率呈剂量相关的下降趋势。喂食隐色孔雀石绿的雄性大鼠垂体腺瘤呈下降趋势，睾丸间质细胞瘤呈上升趋势。喂食氯化孔雀石绿的雌性B6C3F1小鼠未出现与处理相关的肿瘤。喂食隐色孔雀石绿的雌性小鼠肝细胞腺瘤或癌的发生率呈剂量相关的上升趋势，在最高剂量组中发生率显著。
