Tahir N A, Kain V, Schmidt R, Shutov A, Lomonosov I V, Gryaznov V, Piriz A R, Temporal M, Hoffmann D H H, Fortov V E
Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany.
Phys Rev Lett. 2005 Apr 8;94(13):135004. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.135004.
The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN will generate two extremely powerful 7 TeV proton beams. Each beam will consist of 2808 bunches with an intensity per bunch of 1.15x10(11) protons so that the total number of protons in one beam will be about 3x10(14) and the total energy will be 362 MJ. Each bunch will have a duration of 0.5 ns and two successive bunches will be separated by 25 ns, while the power distribution in the radial direction will be Gaussian with a standard deviation, sigma=0.2 mm. The total duration of the beam will be about 89 mus. Using a 2D hydrodynamic code, we have carried out numerical simulations of the thermodynamic and hydrodynamic response of a solid copper target that is irradiated with one of the LHC beams. These calculations show that only the first few hundred proton bunches will deposit a high specific energy of 400 kJ/g that will induce exotic states of high energy density in matter.
欧洲核子研究组织（CERN）的大型强子对撞机（LHC）将产生两束极其强大的7万亿电子伏特质子束。每束质子束将由2808个束团组成，每个束团的质子强度为1.15×10¹¹个，因此一束质子的总数约为3×10¹⁴个，总能量为362兆焦耳。每个束团的持续时间为0.5纳秒，相邻两个束团的间隔为25纳秒，而径向功率分布将呈高斯分布，标准差σ = 0.2毫米。质子束的总持续时间约为89微秒。我们使用二维流体动力学代码，对用LHC的一束质子束照射的固态铜靶的热力学和流体动力学响应进行了数值模拟。这些计算表明，只有最初的几百个质子束团会沉积400千焦/克的高比能，这将在物质中诱导出高能量密度的奇异状态。
