Beevers Christopher G
Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station A8000, Austin, TX 78712-0187, USA.
Clin Psychol Rev. 2005 Nov;25(7):975-1002. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2005.03.003.
Dual process models offer powerful accounts of cognitive phenomena in social and personality psychology but they have not been widely adapted to clinical phenomena. This review presents a dual process model of cognitive vulnerability to unipolar depression. According to dual process theories, humans possess two modes of information processing. An associative mode involves quick, effortless processing that rests on well-learned associations. A reflective mode involves slow, effortful processing that rests on symbolic rule-based inferences. Whereas the associative mode occurs automatically, the reflective mode operates when expectancies are violated and sufficient cognitive resources are available to respond. A cognitive vulnerability to depression is observed when negatively biased associative processing is uncorrected by reflective processing. The circumstances when this is likely to occur are reviewed. New insights and implications for assessment, etiology, and treatment of cognitive vulnerability to depression are discussed.
双加工模型为社会和人格心理学中的认知现象提供了有力的解释，但尚未广泛应用于临床现象。本综述提出了一个关于单相抑郁认知易感性的双加工模型。根据双加工理论，人类具有两种信息加工模式。联想模式涉及基于熟练掌握的联想进行快速、轻松的加工。反思模式涉及基于符号规则推理进行缓慢、费力的加工。联想模式自动发生，而反思模式在预期被违背且有足够的认知资源做出反应时才会运作。当消极偏向的联想加工未被反思加工纠正时，就会观察到抑郁的认知易感性。本文回顾了这种情况可能发生的情形。讨论了关于抑郁认知易感性评估、病因和治疗的新见解及意义。
