Nunes Mônica, Paim Jairnilson Silva
Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.
Cad Saude Publica. 2005 Mar-Apr;21(2):459-68. doi: 10.1590/s0102-311x2005000200012. Epub 2005 Mar 21.
The present study, including an epidemiological and anthropological approach, highlighted the social meanings involved in the comparison of mortality rates from homicide in a neighborhood in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, during two periods: 1988-1994 and 1994-2000. The ethnographic study showed that from 1988 to 1991, many neighborhood residents had been assassinated and numerous individuals labeled as delinquents had been "wiped out" (through summary executions), thus accounting for the proportional increase in mortality from external causes evidenced in the epidemiological study. The succeeding periods correspond to a decrease in mortality rates which (as evidenced by fieldwork) coincided with a "lull" immediately afterwards. However, in the latter half of the 1990s a new increase in mortality rates was observed in the area, even though residents described the neighborhood as peaceful. This study conducts a hermeneutic of violence in this neighborhood, especially focusing on summary executions, underlying the social dynamic present in each time period.
本研究采用了流行病学和人类学方法，突显了巴西巴伊亚州萨尔瓦多市一个街区在两个时期（1988 - 1994年和1994 - 2000年）内，杀人死亡率比较中所涉及的社会意义。人种志研究表明，1988年至1991年期间，许多街区居民遭到暗杀，众多被视为罪犯的人被“消灭”（通过即决处决），这就解释了流行病学研究中所显示的外部原因导致的死亡率按比例上升的情况。随后的时期死亡率下降，（实地调查证明）紧接着出现了一段“平静期”。然而，在20世纪90年代后半期，该地区死亡率再次上升，尽管居民称街区很安宁。本研究对该街区的暴力行为进行了解读，尤其关注即决处决，揭示了每个时期存在的社会动态。
