Kengluecha Ampornpan, Singhasivanon Pratap, Tiensuwan Montip, Jones James W, Sithiprasasna Ratana
Department of Entomology, US Army Medical Component, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok.
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2005 Jan;36(1):46-53.
Malaria transmission is dependent upon many hydrology-driven ecological factors that directly affect the vectorial competence, including the presence of suitable habitats for the development of anopheline larvae. Larval habitats were identified and characterized at three malaria endemic villages (Ban Khun Huay, Ban Pa Dae, and Ban Tham Seau) in Mae Sot district, Tak Province, in northwestern Thailand between July 2002 and June 2003. The Global Positioning System (GPS) was used to provide precise locational data for the spatial distribution of anopheline mosquito larvae and their habitats. Ten habitat categories were identified. Eighteen adult Anopheles species were identified from larvae in all the surveyed habitats. An. minimus was the most common species throughout the year. The relationship between eight abiotic variables (temperature, hardness, carbon dioxide, dissolved oxygen, nitrate, phosphate, silica and pH) and the abundance of four major species of malaria vectors (An. (Cel.) dirus, An. (Cel.) minimus, An. (Cel.) maculatus, and An. (Cel.) sawadwongporni), and six species of non-vectors (An. (Cel.) kochi, An. (Cel.) jamesii, An. (Ano.) peditaeniatus, An. (Ano.) barbirostris, An. (Ano.) campestris, and An (Cel.) vagus) larvae was investigated. The results from the multiple regression models suggest that hardness, water temperature and carbon dioxide are the best predictor variables associated with the abundance of An. minimus larvae (p < 0.001); water pH for An. dirus larvae (p < 0.001); temperature and pH for An. kochi larvae (p < 0.01); temperature and silica concentration for An. jamesii larvae (p < 0.001); dissolved oxygen and silica concentration for An. campestris larvae (p < 0.001); and pH and silica concentration for An. vagus larvae (p < 0.001). We could not identify key environmental variables for An. maculatus, An. sawadwongporni, An. peditaeniatus, and An. barbirostris.
疟疾传播取决于许多由水文驱动的生态因素，这些因素直接影响媒介效能，包括存在适合按蚊幼虫发育的栖息地。2002年7月至2003年6月期间，在泰国西北部北碧府湄索县的三个疟疾流行村庄（班坤怀、班帕代和班潭索）对幼虫栖息地进行了识别和特征描述。全球定位系统（GPS）被用于提供按蚊幼虫及其栖息地空间分布的精确位置数据。识别出了10种栖息地类型。在所有调查的栖息地中，从幼虫中鉴定出了18种成年按蚊。微小按蚊是全年最常见的种类。研究了八个非生物变量（温度、硬度、二氧化碳、溶解氧、硝酸盐、磷酸盐、二氧化硅和pH值）与四种主要疟疾媒介种类（大劣按蚊、微小按蚊、多斑按蚊和萨氏按蚊）以及六种非媒介种类（高砂按蚊、吉氏按蚊、带足按蚊、须喙按蚊、平原按蚊和迷走按蚊）幼虫丰度之间的关系。多元回归模型的结果表明，硬度、水温及二氧化碳是与微小按蚊幼虫丰度相关的最佳预测变量（p<0.001）；pH值与大劣按蚊幼虫相关（p<0.001）；温度和pH值与高砂按蚊幼虫相关（p<0.01）；温度和二氧化硅浓度与吉氏按蚊幼虫相关（p<0.001）；溶解氧和二氧化硅浓度与平原按蚊幼虫相关（p<0.001）；pH值和二氧化硅浓度与迷走按蚊幼虫相关（p<0.001）。我们未能确定多斑按蚊、萨氏按蚊、带足按蚊和须喙按蚊的关键环境变量。
