Robertson Sarah A
Research Centre for Reproductive Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia.
Cell Tissue Res. 2005 Oct;322(1):43-52. doi: 10.1007/s00441-005-1127-3. Epub 2005 Nov 3.
In mammals, insemination results in the transmission of seminal factors that act, in the female reproductive tract, to promote sperm survival, to "condition" the female immune response to tolerate the conceptus and to organise molecular and cellular changes in the endometrium to facilitate embryo development and implantation. These events are initiated when signalling agents, including transforming growth factor-beta and other cytokines and prostaglandins secreted by seminal vesicle and prostate glands, interact with epithelial cells in the cervix and uterus to activate cytokine synthesis and to induce cellular and molecular changes resembling a classical inflammatory cascade. The consequences are the recruitment and activation of macrophages, granulocytes and dendritic cells, which have immune-regulatory and tissue-remodelling roles that culminate in improved endometrial receptivity to the implanting embryo. Cytokines elicited by seminal activation have embryotrophic properties and also contribute directly to the optimal development of the early embryo. This review summarises our current understanding of the physiology of responses to seminal plasma in the female reproductive tract and considers the evolutionary significance of seminal plasma in influencing female tissues to promote the success of pregnancy.
在哺乳动物中，授精导致精液因子的传递，这些因子在雌性生殖道中发挥作用，促进精子存活，“调节”雌性免疫反应以耐受孕体，并在子宫内膜中引发分子和细胞变化，以促进胚胎发育和着床。当信号因子，包括精囊和前列腺分泌的转化生长因子-β以及其他细胞因子和前列腺素，与子宫颈和子宫中的上皮细胞相互作用，激活细胞因子合成并诱导类似经典炎症级联反应的细胞和分子变化时，这些事件就会启动。其结果是招募并激活巨噬细胞、粒细胞和树突状细胞，它们具有免疫调节和组织重塑作用，最终提高子宫内膜对植入胚胎的接受性。精液激活引发的细胞因子具有胚胎营养特性，也直接有助于早期胚胎的最佳发育。本综述总结了我们目前对雌性生殖道对精浆反应生理学的理解，并探讨了精浆在影响雌性组织以促进妊娠成功方面的进化意义。
