Barron Mace G, Carls Mark G, Short Jeffrey W, Rice Stanley D, Heintz Ron A, Rau Michelle, Di Giulio Richard
P.E.A.K. Research, 1130 Avon Lane, Longmont, CO 80501, United States.
Chemosphere. 2005 Jun;60(1):105-10. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.12.006. Epub 2005 Jan 21.
Petroleum products are known to have greater toxicity to the translucent embryos and larvae of aquatic organisms in the presence of ultraviolet radiation (UV) compared to toxicity determined in tests performed under standard laboratory lighting with minimal UV. This study assessed the acute phototoxicity of the water accommodated fractions of weathered Alaska North Slope crude oil (ANS) to juvenile pink salmon, which are a heavily pigmented life stage. Fish in the highest ANS treatments exhibited melanosis, less mobility, reduced startle response, erratic swimming, and loss of equilibrium. Gills from fish exposed to ANS had elevated levels of hydroperoxides in oil-only, UV-only, and oil+UV treatments compared to control fish, which was indicative of increased lipid peroxidation in gill tissue. Under the test conditions of moderate salinity, low UV and high short-term oil exposure there were no indications of photoenhanced toxicity as assessed by elevation of mortality, behavioral impairment, or gill lipid peroxidation in oil+UV treatments. The results of this study suggest that pink salmon may be at less risk from photoenhanced toxicity compared to the translucent early-life stages of several other Alaska species.
与在标准实验室光照（紫外线极少）下进行的测试所确定的毒性相比，已知石油产品在紫外线（UV）存在的情况下，对水生生物的半透明胚胎和幼体具有更大的毒性。本研究评估了风化的阿拉斯加北坡原油（ANS）的水溶组分对幼年粉红鲑鱼的急性光毒性，粉红鲑鱼处于色素沉着较重的生命阶段。在最高ANS处理组中的鱼出现了黑变病、活动减少、惊吓反应减弱、游泳不稳和失去平衡的情况。与对照鱼相比，在仅油处理、仅紫外线处理和油+紫外线处理中，暴露于ANS的鱼的鳃中过氧化氢水平升高，这表明鳃组织中的脂质过氧化增加。在中等盐度、低紫外线和高短期油暴露的测试条件下，通过油+紫外线处理中的死亡率升高、行为损伤或鳃脂质过氧化评估，没有光增强毒性的迹象。本研究结果表明，与阿拉斯加其他几种物种的半透明早期生命阶段相比，粉红鲑鱼可能受光增强毒性影响的风险较小。
