Brannon Ernest L, Collins Keya M, Brown John S, Neff Jerry M, Parker Keith R, Stubblefield William A
Center for Salmonid and Freshwater Species at Risk, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844-2260, USA.
Environ Toxicol Chem. 2006 Apr;25(4):962-72. doi: 10.1897/05-129r1.1.
Research was conducted at the University of Idaho (Moscow, ID, USA) on the toxicity of weathered Exxon Valdez crude oil to embryos of pink salmon from 2001 to 2003 for the purpose of comparing these data with those from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Fisheries Laboratory at Auke Bay (AK, USA). Mortality reported at Auke Bay for embryos chronically exposed to very low concentrations of aqueous solutions of weathered oil, measured as dissolved polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), was inconsistent with that in other published research. Using the Auke Bay experimental design, we found that toxicity is not evident in pink salmon embryos until chronic exposure to laboratory weathered and naturally weathered oil concentrations exceeding 1,500 and 2,250 ppm, respectively, representing a total PAH tissue burden in excess of 7,100 ppb. Effluent hydrocarbons also drop well below concentrations sufficient to cause harm over the time frame of a few weeks, regardless of oiling level. Resolution of differences with Auke Bay involved the source of contributing hydrocarbons. The experimental design did not exclude dispersed oil droplets from the aqueous solution; thus, toxicity was not limited to the dissolved hydrocarbon fraction. The implications of the present results are discussed regarding the toxic risk of weathered oil to pink salmon embryos in streams of Prince William Sound (AK, USA).
2001年至2003年期间，美国爱达荷大学（莫斯科市，爱达荷州）开展了一项关于风化的埃克森·瓦尔迪兹原油对粉鲑胚胎毒性的研究，目的是将这些数据与美国阿拉斯加奥克湾国家海洋和大气管理局渔业实验室的数据进行比较。奥克湾报告的长期暴露于极低浓度风化油水溶液（以溶解的多环芳烃（PAHs）衡量）中的胚胎死亡率，与其他已发表研究中的死亡率不一致。采用奥克湾的实验设计，我们发现，直到长期暴露于实验室风化油和自然风化油浓度分别超过1500 ppm和2250 ppm时，粉鲑胚胎才会出现明显毒性，这代表总PAH组织负担超过7100 ppb。无论油污程度如何，排放的碳氢化合物在几周的时间内也会降至远低于足以造成危害的浓度。与奥克湾结果差异的解决涉及到贡献碳氢化合物的来源。实验设计并未排除水溶液中的分散油滴；因此，毒性并不局限于溶解的碳氢化合物部分。本文讨论了这些结果对美国阿拉斯加威廉王子湾溪流中风化油对粉鲑胚胎毒性风险的影响。
