Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL, USA.
Ecotoxicology. 2012 Mar;21(2):496-511. doi: 10.1007/s10646-011-0811-1. Epub 2011 Nov 12.
This study focused on several wetlands in Laguna del Tigre National Park (Guatemala) as part of Conservation International's Rapid Assessment Program. Sediment and water samples were collected from a laguna near Xan field, Guatemala's largest oil facility, and three other sites for determination of levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Cichlid fish (Thorichthys meeki and Vieja synspila) were collected for determination of DNA strand breakage (by gel electrophoresis), chromosomal breakage (flow cytometry), and fin erosion. For T. meeki from Xan field, chromosomal breakage and strand breakage was greater than in at least two of the three reference sites. For V. synspila, chromosomal breakage and strand breakage were greater in Xan than one of the two reference sites. Fin erosion was observed only at the Xan laguna. Genetic biomarker effects and fin erosion, along with patterns of aqueous PAH concentrations, indicate that fish are affected by anthropogenic contaminants. PAHs were elevated at some reference sites, but environmental forensic analysis suggested a pyrogenic or diagenic origin. It is possible that oil field brines injected into the ground water caused fin erosion and genotoxicity in fish at Xan field, and it is also possible that pyrogenic PAHs influence levels of DNA damage in reference sites. These analyses represent one of the first efforts to examine genotoxicity in native Mesoamerican cichlids.
本研究集中于拉古纳德尔蒂格雷斯国家公园（危地马拉）的几个湿地，作为保护国际的快速评估计划的一部分。从危地马拉最大的石油设施 Xan 油田附近的泻湖以及其他三个地点采集了沉积物和水样，以测定多环芳烃（PAHs）的水平。收集了慈鲷鱼（Thorichthys meeki 和 Vieja synspila）以确定 DNA 链断裂（通过凝胶电泳）、染色体断裂（流式细胞术）和鳍侵蚀。对于来自 Xan 油田的 T. meeki，染色体断裂和链断裂大于至少三个参考地点中的两个。对于 V. synspila，Xan 的染色体断裂和链断裂大于两个参考地点中的一个。仅在 Xan 泻湖观察到鳍侵蚀。遗传生物标志物效应和鳍侵蚀以及水相 PAH 浓度模式表明鱼类受到人为污染物的影响。在一些参考地点发现 PAHs 升高，但环境法医分析表明其来源为热成因或成岩成因。可能是油田卤水注入地下水导致 Xan 油田的鱼类鳍侵蚀和遗传毒性，也可能是热成因 PAHs 影响参考地点的 DNA 损伤水平。这些分析代表了首次检查中美洲本地慈鲷遗传毒性的努力之一。
