Tresilian James R
Perception and Motor Systems Laboratory, School of Human Movement Studies, University of Queensland, St. Lucia 4072, QSLD, Australia.
Percept Psychophys. 2005 Jan;67(1):129-49. doi: 10.3758/bf03195017.
Different interceptive tasks and modes of interception (hitting or capturing) do not necessarily involve similar control processes. Control based on preprogramming of movement parameters is possible for actions with brief movement times but is now widely rejected; continuous perceptuomotor control models are preferred for all types of interception. The rejection of preprogrammed control and acceptance of continuous control is evaluated for the timing of rapidly executed, manual hitting actions. It is shown that a preprogrammed control model is capable of providing a convincing account of observed behavior patterns that avoids many of the arguments that have been raised against it. Prominent continuous perceptual control models are analyzed within a common framework and are shown to be interpretable as feedback control strategies. Although these models can explain observations of on-line adjustments to movement, they offer only post hoc explanations for observed behavior patterns in hitting tasks and are not directly supported by data. It is proposed that rapid manual hitting tasks make up a class of interceptions for which a preprogrammed strategy is adopted--a strategy that minimizes the role of visual feedback. Such a strategy is effective when the task demands a high degree of temporal accuracy.
不同的拦截任务和拦截方式（击打或捕捉）不一定涉及相似的控制过程。对于运动时间较短的动作，基于运动参数预编程的控制是可行的，但现在已被广泛摒弃；对于所有类型的拦截，连续感知运动控制模型更受青睐。本文针对快速执行的手动击打动作的时间安排，评估了对预编程控制的摒弃以及对连续控制的接受情况。结果表明，预编程控制模型能够对观察到的行为模式做出令人信服的解释，避免了许多针对它提出的争议。在一个通用框架内分析了著名的连续感知控制模型，结果表明这些模型可被解释为反馈控制策略。虽然这些模型能够解释对运动进行在线调整的观察结果，但它们仅对击打任务中观察到的行为模式提供事后解释，且没有直接的数据支持。本文提出，快速手动击打任务构成了一类采用预编程策略的拦截——这种策略将视觉反馈的作用降至最低。当任务要求高度的时间准确性时，这种策略是有效的。
