Villanueva Ronald D, Yap Helen T, Montaño Marco Nemesio E
The Marine Science Institute, University of the Philippines, Diliman, 1101 Quezon City, Philippines.
Mar Pollut Bull. 2005;51(5-7):580-9. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2005.04.033.
Intensive fish farming is an emerging coastal activity that can potentially enhance sedimentation and promote eutrophication in fringing coral reefs. Here, we investigate the effect of fish farm effluent on the juvenile survivorship of the reef-building coral Seriatopora caliendrum. One-month old juvenile corals (on terracotta tiles) were deployed in fish farm and reference (reef) sites in Bolinao, the Philippines at a depth of 2m. After forty days, no survivor was recovered in the fish farm, while survivorship was low (11%) in the reference site, with the survivors' growth rate at 3.3polypsmo(-1) or 1.3mm(2)mo(-1). The fish farm deployed tiles were covered with muddy sediment and were colonized by barnacles, whereas those in the reference site were overgrown by a short stand of filamentous macroalgae. Environmental monitoring revealed higher nutrient levels (ammonia and phosphate), sedimentation rate, and organic matter flux, as well as diminished water transparency and dissolved oxygen levels in the fish farm compared to the reference site. Hence, intensive fish farming offers a suite of physical, chemical and biological modifications of the coastal marine environment which have a detrimental effect on the survivorship of coral juveniles.
集约化养鱼是一种新兴的沿海活动，有可能加剧边缘珊瑚礁的沉积并促进其富营养化。在此，我们研究养鱼场废水对造礁珊瑚小枝鹿角珊瑚幼体存活率的影响。将1月龄的幼体珊瑚（附着在陶土砖上）放置于菲律宾博利瑙的养鱼场和对照（珊瑚礁）地点，水深2米处。40天后，养鱼场中未发现存活的珊瑚，而对照地点的存活率很低（11%），存活珊瑚的生长速率为3.3个珊瑚虫/月或1.3平方毫米/月。放置在养鱼场的陶土砖上覆盖着泥状沉积物，并被藤壶附着，而对照地点的则被一小片丝状大型藻类覆盖。环境监测显示，与对照地点相比，养鱼场的营养水平（氨和磷酸盐）、沉积速率和有机物质通量更高，水体透明度和溶解氧水平更低。因此，集约化养鱼对沿海海洋环境造成了一系列物理、化学和生物方面的改变，对珊瑚幼体的存活率产生了不利影响。
