Sorensen Glorian, Gupta Prakash C, Pednekar Mangesh S
Center for Community-Based Research, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Society, Human Development, and Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Am J Public Health. 2005 Jun;95(6):1003-8. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2004.045039.
We assessed social disparities in the prevalence of overall tobacco use, smoking, and smokeless tobacco use in Mumbai, India, by examining occupation-, education-, and gender-specific patterns.
Data were derived from a cross-sectional survey conducted between 1992 and 1994 as the baseline for the Mumbai Cohort Study (n=81837).
Odds ratios (ORs) for overall tobacco use according to education level (after adjustment for age and occupation) showed a strong gradient; risks were higher among illiterate participants (male OR = 7.38, female OR = 20.95) than among college educated participants. After age and education had been controlled, odds of tobacco use were also significant according to occupation; unskilled male workers (OR = 1.66), male service workers (OR = 1.32), and unemployed individuals (male OR = 1.84, female OR = 1.95) were more at risk than professionals. The steepest education- and occupation-specific gradients were observed among male bidi smokers and female smokeless tobacco users.
The results of this study indicate that education and occupation have important simultaneous and independent relationships with tobacco use that require attention from policymakers and researchers alike.
我们通过研究职业、教育程度和性别特定模式，评估了印度孟买总体烟草使用、吸烟和无烟烟草使用流行率中的社会差异。
数据来源于1992年至1994年进行的一项横断面调查，作为孟买队列研究的基线（n = 81837）。
根据教育程度（在对年龄和职业进行调整后），总体烟草使用的优势比（OR）呈现出强烈的梯度；文盲参与者（男性OR = 7.38，女性OR = 20.95）的风险高于受过大学教育的参与者。在控制年龄和教育程度后，根据职业，烟草使用的几率也具有显著性；非技术男性工人（OR = 1.66）、男性服务人员（OR = 1.32）以及失业者（男性OR = 1.84，女性OR = 1.95）比专业人员面临的风险更高。在男性比迪烟吸烟者和女性无烟烟草使用者中观察到最明显的教育程度和职业特定梯度。
本研究结果表明，教育和职业与烟草使用存在重要的同时且独立的关系，这需要政策制定者和研究人员予以关注。
