Markova I, Jahoda A, Cattermole M, Woodward D
Department of Psychology, University of Stirling, Scotland.
J Intellect Disabil Res. 1992 Apr;36 ( Pt 2):115-27. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2788.1992.tb00488.x.
This study compared interactions between the staff and residents living in hospital wards and in community-based hostels. Twenty-four people with moderate to severe learning difficulties participated in this study. Interactions were categorized according to who was the initiator and recipient, their purpose, attitude of the recipient, duration, and place. It was found that the hospital and hotel residents had virtually no interactions with people outwith the establishment in which they lived. The hostel appeared to offer the residents a sociable environment with more interpersonal interactions and more positive attitudes towards the interactants than the hospital. Interactions in both kinds of setting were very short, thus giving residents little chance to develop communicative skills. It is suggested that a more personal approach, such as joint activities between residents and staff, and living in small groups in ordinary housing, should be the first priorities in the effort to improve the pattern of social interactions of people with moderate to severe learning difficulties.
这项研究比较了医院病房和社区宿舍中工作人员与居住者之间的互动情况。24名中度至重度学习困难者参与了本研究。互动根据发起者和接受者是谁、互动目的、接受者的态度、持续时间和地点进行分类。研究发现，医院和宿舍的居住者与他们居住场所之外的人几乎没有互动。与医院相比，宿舍似乎为居住者提供了一个社交性更强的环境，人际互动更多，对互动对象的态度也更积极。两种环境中的互动都非常短暂，因此居住者几乎没有机会发展沟通技巧。建议在努力改善中度至重度学习困难者的社交互动模式时，应将更个性化的方法，如居住者与工作人员之间的联合活动以及在普通住房中以小组形式居住，作为首要任务。
