Ladwig Karl-Heinz, Baumert Jens, Löwel Hannelore, Döring Angela, Wichmann Heinz-Erich
GSF-National Research Center for Environment and Health, Institute of Epidemiology, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg 85764, Germany.
Prev Med. 2005 Jul;41(1):134-40. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.10.017. Epub 2004 Nov 19.
Smokers actively considering to quit smoking were compared with hard-core smokers completely unwilling to change smoking habits with respect to psychosocial variables.
A total of 3,229 current regular smokers aged 25-74 years were drawn from three population-based MONICA/KORA Augsburg surveys conducted between 1984 and 1995. Among them, 592 (8.4%) subjects were defined as active contemplators (AC) and 776 (22.6%) as immotives (IM). Multivariate logistic regression analysis stratified by sex was used to identify active contemplators.
No differences between ACs and IMs were observed for sex and age. Active contemplating in females was strongly mediated by impaired self-rated health [Odds ratio (OR) 2.29; 95% CI 1.42-3.69] and somatic complaints (OR 2.10; 95% CI 1.29-3.48). For men, depression (OR 2.49; 95% CI 1.64-3.79) and not living alone (OR 2.20, 95% CI 1.51-3.20) promoted being AC. Long-term survival was impaired for IM compared to AC. The odds ratio for smoking cessation of ACs compared to IMs was 1.77 (95% CI 1.25-2.50).
Sex-specific differences in factors associated with the intention to quit smoking were observed and may lead to sex-specific targets in prevention strategy. IMs may be victims of a conceited healthy smoker effect triggered by the absence of disabling body or affective symptoms.
就社会心理变量而言，对积极考虑戒烟的吸烟者与完全不愿改变吸烟习惯的重度吸烟者进行了比较。
从1984年至1995年进行的三项基于人群的奥格斯堡MONICA/KORA调查中抽取了3229名年龄在25 - 74岁的当前经常吸烟者。其中，592名（8.4%）受试者被定义为积极思考者（AC），776名（22.6%）为无动机者（IM）。采用按性别分层的多变量逻辑回归分析来确定积极思考者。
AC组和IM组在性别和年龄方面未观察到差异。女性的积极思考强烈受到自评健康受损（优势比[OR] 2.29；95%置信区间1.42 - 3.69）和躯体不适（OR 2.10；95%置信区间1.29 - 3.48）的介导。对于男性，抑郁（OR 2.49；95%置信区间1.64 - 3.79）和非独居（OR 2.20，95%置信区间1.51 - 3.20）促进了成为AC。与AC相比，IM的长期生存率受损。AC组与IM组相比戒烟的优势比为1.77（95%置信区间1.25 - 2.50）。
观察到与戒烟意愿相关因素的性别差异，这可能导致预防策略中的性别特异性目标。IM可能是由无致残身体或情感症状引发的自负健康吸烟者效应的受害者。
