瑞典口含烟在开始吸烟和戒烟中的作用。
Role of snus in initiation and cessation of tobacco smoking in Sweden.
作者信息
Ramström L M, Foulds J
机构信息
Institute for Tobacco Studies, Stockholm, Sweden.
出版信息
Tob Control. 2006 Jun;15(3):210-4. doi: 10.1136/tc.2005.014969.
OBJECTIVE
To examine patterns of smoking and snus use and identify individual pathways of Swedish tobacco users in order to clarify whether snus use is associated with increased or decreased smoking.
METHODS
Retrospective analysis of data from a cross-sectional survey completed by 6752 adult Swedes in 2001-2 focusing on identifying tobacco use history by survey items on current and prior tobacco use and smoking initiation and cessation procedures.
RESULTS
15% of the men and 19% of the women completing the survey were daily smokers. 21% of the men and 2% of the women were daily snus users. Almost all (91%) male daily smoking began before the age of 23 years, whereas initiation of daily snus use continued throughout the age range (33% of initiation after age 22). 20% of male primary snus users started daily smoking compared to 47% of non-primary snus users. Thus, the odds of initiating daily smoking were significantly lower for men who had started using snus than for those who had not (odds ratio (OR) 0.28, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.22 to 0.36). Among male primary smokers, 28% started secondary daily snus use and 73% did not. 88% of those secondary snus users had ceased daily smoking completely by the time of the survey as compared with 56% of those primary daily smokers who never became daily snus users (OR 5.7, 95% CI 4.9 to 8.1). Among men who made attempts to quit smoking, snus was the most commonly used cessation aid, being used by 24% on their latest quit attempt. Of those men who had used one single cessation aid 58% had used snus, as compared with 38% for all nicotine replacement therapy products together. Among men who used snus as a single aid, 66% succeeded in quitting completely, as compared with 47% of those using nicotine gum (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.3 to 3.7) or 32% for those using the nicotine patch (OR 4.2, 95% CI 2.1 to 8.6). Women using snus as an aid were also significantly more likely to quit smoking successfully than those using nicotine patches or gum.
CONCLUSION
Use of snus in Sweden is associated with a reduced risk of becoming a daily smoker and an increased likelihood of stopping smoking.
目的
研究吸烟和使用鼻烟的模式，并确定瑞典烟草使用者的个人途径，以阐明使用鼻烟是否与吸烟增加或减少有关。
方法
对2001 - 2002年6752名成年瑞典人完成的横断面调查数据进行回顾性分析，重点通过关于当前和既往烟草使用以及吸烟开始和戒烟程序的调查项目来确定烟草使用史。
结果
完成调查的男性中有15%为每日吸烟者，女性中有19%为每日吸烟者。男性中有21%为每日鼻烟使用者，女性中有2%为每日鼻烟使用者。几乎所有（91%）男性每日吸烟始于23岁之前，而每日鼻烟使用的开始在整个年龄范围内持续存在（22岁以后开始使用的占33%）。20%的男性主要鼻烟使用者开始每日吸烟，而非主要鼻烟使用者中这一比例为47%。因此，开始使用鼻烟的男性开始每日吸烟的几率显著低于未使用鼻烟的男性（优势比（OR）0.28，95%置信区间（CI）0.22至0.36）。在男性主要吸烟者中，28%开始每日使用鼻烟作为辅助，73%未这样做。在调查时，88%的那些辅助使用鼻烟的人已完全停止每日吸烟，而从未成为每日鼻烟使用者的主要每日吸烟者中这一比例为56%（OR 5.7，95% CI 4.9至8.1）。在尝试戒烟的男性中，鼻烟是最常用的戒烟辅助手段，在他们最近一次戒烟尝试中有24%使用鼻烟。在那些仅使用一种戒烟辅助手段的男性中，58%使用了鼻烟，而所有尼古丁替代疗法产品一起使用的比例为38%。在仅使用鼻烟作为辅助手段的男性中，66%成功完全戒烟，而使用尼古丁口香糖的男性中这一比例为47%（OR 2.2，95% CI 1.3至3.7），使用尼古丁贴片的男性中这一比例为32%（OR 4.2，95% CI 2.1至8.6）。使用鼻烟作为辅助手段的女性成功戒烟的可能性也显著高于使用尼古丁贴片或口香糖的女性。
结论
在瑞典，使用鼻烟与成为每日吸烟者的风险降低以及戒烟的可能性增加有关。
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