Bar-Haim Yair, Lamy Dominique, Glickman Shlomit
Department of Psychology, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel.
Brain Cogn. 2005 Oct;59(1):11-22. doi: 10.1016/j.bandc.2005.03.005.
Accumulating evidence suggests the existence of a processing bias in favor of threat-related stimulation in anxious individuals. Using behavioral and ERP measures, the present study investigated the deployment of attention to face stimuli with different emotion expressions in high-anxious and low-anxious participants. An attention-shifting paradigm was used in which faces with neutral, angry, fearful, sad, or happy expressions were presented singly at fixation. Participants had to fixate on the face cue and then discriminate a target shape that appeared randomly above, below, to the left, or right of the fixated face. The behavioral data show that high-anxious participants were slower to respond to targets regardless of the emotion expressed by the face cue. In contrast, the ERP data indicate that threat-related faces elicited faster latencies and greater amplitudes of early ERP components in high-anxious than in low-anxious individuals. The between-group pattern in ERP waveforms suggests that the slower reaction times in high-anxious participants might reflect increased attentional dwelling on the face cues, rather than a general slowing of response enacting.
越来越多的证据表明，焦虑个体存在偏向于与威胁相关刺激的加工偏差。本研究采用行为和ERP测量方法，调查了高焦虑和低焦虑参与者对具有不同情绪表情的面部刺激的注意力分配情况。使用了一种注意力转移范式，其中中性、愤怒、恐惧、悲伤或快乐表情的面孔单独呈现在注视点处。参与者必须注视面部线索，然后辨别出随机出现在注视面孔上方、下方、左侧或右侧的目标形状。行为数据表明，无论面部线索表达何种情绪，高焦虑参与者对目标的反应都较慢。相比之下，ERP数据显示，与威胁相关的面孔在高焦虑个体中比在低焦虑个体中引发的早期ERP成分潜伏期更快、波幅更大。ERP波形的组间模式表明，高焦虑参与者较慢的反应时间可能反映出他们对面部线索的注意力停留增加，而不是反应执行的普遍减慢。
