Gott Vincent L
Division of Cardiac Surgery, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Ann Thorac Surg. 2005 Jun;79(6):S2210-3. doi: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2005.02.078.
The dawn of open-heart surgery occurred at the University of Minnesota on September 2, 1952, when Dr John Lewis and his surgical team closed an atrial septal defect using total-body hypothermia and inflow stasis. Eighteen months later on March 26, 1954, Dr C. Walton Lillehei and his surgical team used a parent as a biologic oxygenator to repair a ventricular septal defect in a 1-year-old boy. This technique of cross circulation was then used in a total of 45 children during the next 16 months to successfully repair tetralogy of Fallot, atrioventricular canal, and ventricular septal defect. Remarkably, two thirds of these children were discharged from the hospital. Thirty years later, Dr Lillehei reported that 17 of his 27 patients with repair of a ventricular septal defect had survived and were all New York Heart Association class I. These landmark operations in the open heart could not have been achieved by Drs Lewis and Lillehei without the remarkable support that they received from their surgical chief, Dr Owen Wangensteen. Doctor Wangensteen would later state in his book, The Rise of Surgery, that: "The outstanding contribution to the advancement of surgery in the 20th century has been the development of open-heart surgery."
1952年9月2日，明尼苏达大学迎来了心脏直视手术的曙光，当时约翰·刘易斯医生及其手术团队通过全身低温和血流淤滞技术成功闭合了一例房间隔缺损。18个月后的1954年3月26日，C. 沃尔顿·利勒黑医生及其手术团队利用一位家长作为生物氧合器，为一名1岁男孩修复了室间隔缺损。在接下来的16个月里，这种交叉循环技术共应用于45名儿童，成功修复了法洛四联症、房室管畸形和室间隔缺损。值得注意的是，这些儿童中有三分之二康复出院。30年后，利勒黑医生报告称，他的27例室间隔缺损修复患者中有17例存活，且心功能均为纽约心脏协会I级。若没有手术主任欧文·旺根斯滕医生给予的大力支持，刘易斯医生和利勒黑医生不可能完成这些具有里程碑意义的心脏直视手术。旺根斯滕医生后来在他的《外科手术的兴起》一书中写道：“20世纪对外科手术发展的杰出贡献当属心脏直视手术的发展。”
