Hengel Hartmut, Koszinowski Ulrich H, Conzelmann Karl-Klaus
Institute for Virology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
Trends Immunol. 2005 Jul;26(7):396-401. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2005.05.004.
Co-evolution of viruses with their hosts for millions of years has led to a host immune system of high complexity and, likewise, sophisticated viral mechanisms to antagonize immunity. Early cytokines, such as interferons (IFNs), which integrate innate and adaptive immune responses, are essential targets for viruses. Viral antagonists that interfere with numerous components of the IFN system provide superb tools to explore the pathways and the connectivity of the IFN network. Here, the inhibition of type I IFN production by negative strand RNA viruses and IFN signaling by cytomegalovirus are discussed, illustrating unappreciated links between type I and type II IFN signaling. Viral principles might pave the way to develop new therapeutics to modulate immune functions.
数百万年来，病毒与其宿主的共同进化导致了高度复杂的宿主免疫系统，同样也产生了对抗免疫的复杂病毒机制。早期细胞因子，如整合先天免疫和适应性免疫反应的干扰素（IFN），是病毒的重要靶标。干扰IFN系统众多组分的病毒拮抗剂为探索IFN网络的途径和连通性提供了绝佳工具。在此，讨论了负链RNA病毒对I型IFN产生的抑制以及巨细胞病毒对IFN信号传导的抑制，阐明了I型和II型IFN信号传导之间未被重视的联系。病毒原理可能为开发调节免疫功能的新疗法铺平道路。
