Preissler Melissa Allen, Carey Susan
Department of Psychology, New York University, 6 Washington Place, New York, NY 10003, USA.
Cognition. 2005 Aug;97(1):B13-23. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2005.01.008.
Young children are readily able to use known labels to constrain hypotheses about the meanings of new words under conditions of referential ambiguity. At issue is the kind of information children use to constrain such hypotheses. According to one theory, children take into account the speaker's intention when solving a referential puzzle. In the present studies, children with autism were impaired in monitoring referential intent, but were equally successful as normally developing 24-month-old toddlers at mapping novel words to unnamed items under conditions of referential ambiguity. Therefore, constraints that lead the child to map a novel label to a previously unnamed object under these circumstances are not solely based on assessments of speakers' intentions.
幼儿能够在指称模糊的情况下，轻易地运用已知标签来限制关于新单词含义的假设。关键在于儿童用来限制此类假设的信息种类。根据一种理论，儿童在解决指称难题时会考虑说话者的意图。在本研究中，患有自闭症的儿童在监测指称意图方面存在缺陷，但在指称模糊的情况下，他们在将新单词映射到未命名的物品上，与正常发育的24个月大的幼儿一样成功。因此，在这些情况下引导儿童将新标签映射到先前未命名对象的限制因素并非仅仅基于对说话者意图的评估。
