Shafroth Patrick B, Cleverly James R, Dudley Tom L, Taylor John P, van Riper Charles, Weeks Edwin P, Stuart James N
Fort Collins Science Center, US Geological Survey, Fort Collins, Colorado 80526, USA.
Environ Manage. 2005 Mar;35(3):231-46. doi: 10.1007/s00267-004-0099-5.
Non-native shrub species in the genus Tamarix (saltcedar, tamarisk) have colonized hundreds of thousands of hectares of floodplains, reservoir margins, and other wetlands in western North America. Many resource managers seek to reduce saltcedar abundance and control its spread to increase the flow of water in streams that might otherwise be lost to evapotranspiration, to restore native riparian (streamside) vegetation, and to improve wildlife habitat. However, increased water yield might not always occur and has been substantially lower than expected in water salvage experiments, the potential for successful revegetation is variable, and not all wildlife taxa clearly prefer native plant habitats over saltcedar. As a result, there is considerable debate surrounding saltcedar control efforts. We review the literature on saltcedar control, water use, wildlife use, and riparian restoration to provide resource managers, researchers, and policy-makers with a balanced summary of the state of the science. To best ensure that the desired outcomes of removal programs are met, scientists and resource managers should use existing information and methodologies to carefully select and prioritize sites for removal, apply the most appropriate and cost-effective control methods, and then rigorously monitor control efficacy, revegetation success, water yield changes, and wildlife use.
柽柳属（盐肤木、柽柳）的非本地灌木物种已在北美西部数十万公顷的洪泛区、水库边缘和其他湿地中繁衍。许多资源管理者试图减少盐肤木的数量并控制其扩散，以增加溪流中的水流，否则这些水流可能会因蒸发散而流失，恢复本地河岸（溪边）植被，并改善野生动物栖息地。然而，增加的出水量并非总是会出现，而且在水资源回收实验中，出水量大大低于预期，成功重新植被的可能性各不相同，并非所有野生动物类群都明显更喜欢本地植物栖息地而非盐肤木。因此，围绕盐肤木控制措施存在相当大的争议。我们回顾了有关盐肤木控制、用水、野生动物利用和河岸恢复的文献，为资源管理者、研究人员和政策制定者提供对科学现状的平衡总结。为了最好地确保清除计划达到预期结果，科学家和资源管理者应利用现有信息和方法，仔细选择清除地点并确定其优先级，采用最合适且具有成本效益的控制方法，然后严格监测控制效果、重新植被的成功率、出水量变化和野生动物利用情况。
