Suding Katharine N, Gross Katherine L, Houseman Gregory R
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
Trends Ecol Evol. 2004 Jan;19(1):46-53. doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2003.10.005.
There is increasing interest in developing better predictive tools and a broader conceptual framework to guide the restoration of degraded land. Traditionally, restoration efforts have focused on re-establishing historical disturbance regimes or abiotic conditions, relying on successional processes to guide the recovery of biotic communities. However, strong feedbacks between biotic factors and the physical environment can alter the efficacy of these successional-based management efforts. Recent experimental work indicates that some degraded systems are resilient to traditional restoration efforts owing to constraints such as changes in landscape connectivity and organization, loss of native species pools, shifts in species dominance, trophic interactions and/or invasion by exotics, and concomitant effects on biogeochemical processes. Models of alternative ecosystem states that incorporate system thresholds and feedbacks are now being applied to the dynamics of recovery in degraded systems and are suggesting ways in which restoration can identify, prioritize and address these constraints.
人们对开发更好的预测工具和更广泛的概念框架以指导退化土地的恢复越来越感兴趣。传统上，恢复工作侧重于重新建立历史干扰模式或非生物条件，依靠演替过程来指导生物群落的恢复。然而，生物因素与物理环境之间的强烈反馈会改变这些基于演替的管理努力的效果。最近的实验工作表明，由于诸如景观连通性和组织的变化、本地物种库的丧失、物种优势的转变、营养相互作用和/或外来物种入侵等限制因素，以及对生物地球化学过程的伴随影响，一些退化系统对传统恢复努力具有抗性。纳入系统阈值和反馈的替代生态系统状态模型现在正被应用于退化系统的恢复动态，并提出了恢复可以识别、优先处理和解决这些限制因素的方法。
