Moermond Caroline T A, Zwolsman John J G, Koelmans Albert A
Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University, Post Office Box 8080, 6700 DD Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Environ Sci Technol. 2005 May 1;39(9):3101-9. doi: 10.1021/es048079l.
Ecological factors may play an important role in the bioaccumulation of polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs) and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Geochemical and bioaccumulation behavior of these chemicals also appears to be related to the presence of black carbon (BC) in sediment. In situ PCB and PAH biota to sediment accumulation factors (BSAF) for benthic invertebrates, as well as 6h Tenax-extractable (fast-desorbing) concentrations and lake characteristics (including BC in sediment), were determined for different seasons in chemically similar but ecologically different lakes (fish-dominated turbid, algae-dominated turbid, and macrophyte-dominated). BSAFs could be explained with a model including a term for Freundlich sorption to BC and a term for uptake from fast-desorbing concentrations in ingested sediments. Freundlich coefficients for in situ sorption to BC (KF) were calculated from slow desorbing fractions and BC contents and agreed well with literature values for KF. Furthermore, in contrast to BSAFs based on total extracted concentrations, Tenax-based BSAF showed a strong positive correlation with log Kow. We therefore argue that BC caused slow desorption and limited BSAFs in these lakes. Seasonal and lake effects on BSAFs were detected, while the differences between oligochaetes and other invertebrates were small for PCBs and within a factor of 10 for PAHs. BSAFs for pyrogenic PAHs were much lower than for PCBs, which was explained by stronger sorption to BC and lesser uptake from ingested sediment.
生态因素可能在多氯联苯（PCBs）和多环芳烃（PAHs）的生物累积过程中发挥重要作用。这些化学物质的地球化学和生物累积行为似乎也与沉积物中黑碳（BC）的存在有关。针对化学性质相似但生态不同的湖泊（以鱼类为主的浑浊湖泊、以藻类为主的浑浊湖泊和以大型植物为主的湖泊）的不同季节，测定了底栖无脊椎动物的原位多氯联苯和多环芳烃生物群到沉积物的累积因子（BSAF），以及6小时Tenax可提取（快速解吸）浓度和湖泊特征（包括沉积物中的黑碳）。BSAF可用一个模型来解释，该模型包括一个表示弗罗因德利希吸附到黑碳的项和一个表示从摄入沉积物中的快速解吸浓度摄取的项。根据缓慢解吸部分和黑碳含量计算了原位吸附到黑碳的弗罗因德利希系数（KF），其与文献中的KF值吻合良好。此外，与基于总提取浓度的BSAF不同，基于Tenax的BSAF与log Kow呈强正相关。因此，我们认为黑碳导致了这些湖泊中解吸缓慢和BSAF受限。检测到了季节和湖泊对BSAF的影响，而对于多氯联苯，寡毛纲动物和其他无脊椎动物之间的差异较小，对于多环芳烃，差异在10倍以内。热解多环芳烃的BSAF远低于多氯联苯，这可以通过对黑碳的更强吸附和从摄入沉积物中的较少摄取来解释。
