内罗毕和俄克拉何马城恐怖爆炸事件后灾后精神障碍的比较。
Comparison of post-disaster psychiatric disorders after terrorist bombings in Nairobi and Oklahoma City.
作者信息
North Carol S, Pfefferbaum Betty, Narayanan Pushpa, Thielman Samuel, McCoy Gretchen, Dumont Cedric, Kawasaki Aya, Ryosho Natsuko, Kim You-Seung, Spitznagel Edward L
机构信息
Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8134, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
出版信息
Br J Psychiatry. 2005 Jun;186:487-93. doi: 10.1192/bjp.186.6.487.
BACKGROUND
African disaster-affected populations are poorly represented in disaster mental health literature.
AIMS
To compare systematically assessed mental health in populations directly exposed to terrorist bombing attacks on two continents, North America and Africa.
METHOD
Structured diagnostic interviews compared citizens exposed to bombings of the US Embassy in Nairobi, Kenya (n=227) and the Oklahoma City Federal Building (n=182).
RESULTS
Prevalence rates of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depression were similar after the bombings. No incident (new since the bombing) alcohol use disorders were observed in either site. Symptom group C was strongly associated with PTSD in both sites. The Nairobi group relied more on religious support and the Oklahoma City group used more medical treatment, drugs and alcohol.
CONCLUSIONS
Post-disaster psychopathology had many similarities in the two cultures; however, coping responses and treatment were quite different. The findings suggest potential for international generalisability of post-disaster psychopathology, but confirmatory studies are needed.
背景
非洲受灾害影响的人群在灾害心理健康文献中的代表性不足。
目的
系统比较直接遭受恐怖爆炸袭击的北美洲和非洲两大洲人群的心理健康状况。
方法
通过结构化诊断访谈，对肯尼亚内罗毕美国大使馆爆炸事件的受害者（n = 227）和俄克拉何马城联邦大楼爆炸事件的受害者（n = 182）进行比较。
结果
爆炸后创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）和重度抑郁症的患病率相似。两个地点均未观察到事件发生后（爆炸后新发）酒精使用障碍。症状组C在两个地点均与PTSD密切相关。内罗毕组更多地依赖宗教支持，而俄克拉何马城组更多地使用药物治疗、药物和酒精。
结论
灾后精神病理学在两种文化中有许多相似之处；然而，应对反应和治疗方法却大不相同。研究结果表明灾后精神病理学具有国际普遍性的潜力，但仍需进行验证性研究。
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