Diaz Theresa, De Cock Kevin, Brown Tim, Ghys Peter D, Boerma J Ties
Centers For Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for HIV, STD and TB Prevention, Global AIDS Program, Atlanta, GA, USA.
AIDS. 2005 May;19 Suppl 2:S1-8. doi: 10.1097/01.aids.0000172871.80723.3e.
Additional funding recently became available to help resource-constrained countries scale up their HIV treatment and prevention activities. This increased funding is accompanied by an increased demand for accountability from stakeholders. Many countries will need to make substantial improvements in their current HIV surveillance methods to monitor the collective national impact of these treatment and prevention initiatives. However, whereas most resource-constrained countries have monitored the prevalence of HIV, they have collected little information on other events in the HIV disease process, such as HIV incidence, rate of HIV drug resistance, number of deaths due to AIDS and only modest emphasis has been placed on AIDS reporting in generalized epidemics, resulting in severe underreporting. In addition, data on mortality trends are often not gathered. Furthermore, less than half of the countries with low-level/concentrated epidemics have tailored their surveillance systems to the local epidemic, behavioral surveillance is often not present, an integrated analysis of data is not widespread, and data are rarely used to inform policy. In January 2004, a conference was convened in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, to examine new strategies for surveillance in resource-constrained countries, and their use in monitoring and evaluating HIV activities. This supplement summarizes the newest approaches and lessons learned for HIV/AIDS surveillance, based on presentations and discussions from that conference. This article provides an overview of HIV/AIDS surveillance in resource-constrained settings and discusses the history, current approaches, and future directions for HIV/AIDS surveillance in generalized and low-level/concentrated epidemics.
最近获得了更多资金，以帮助资源有限的国家扩大其艾滋病毒治疗和预防活动。资金增加的同时，利益相关者对问责制的要求也在提高。许多国家需要大幅改进其当前的艾滋病毒监测方法，以监测这些治疗和预防举措对国家的总体影响。然而，尽管大多数资源有限的国家监测了艾滋病毒的流行情况，但它们收集的关于艾滋病毒疾病进程中其他事件的信息很少，如艾滋病毒发病率、艾滋病毒耐药率、艾滋病死亡人数，而且在广泛流行中对艾滋病报告的重视程度也很低，导致报告严重不足。此外，往往没有收集死亡率趋势数据。此外，在低水平/集中流行的国家中，不到一半的国家根据当地流行情况调整了监测系统，行为监测往往不存在，数据的综合分析并不普遍，而且数据很少用于为政策提供信息。2004年1月，在埃塞俄比亚亚的斯亚贝巴召开了一次会议，研究资源有限国家的新监测战略及其在监测和评价艾滋病毒活动中的应用。本增刊根据该会议的报告和讨论，总结了艾滋病毒/艾滋病监测的最新方法和经验教训。本文概述了资源有限环境下的艾滋病毒/艾滋病监测，并讨论了广泛流行和低水平/集中流行中艾滋病毒/艾滋病监测的历史、当前方法和未来方向。
