van Rood Y R, van Merkesteyn J P R
Afd. Psychiatrie, Leids Universitair Medisch Centrum, Postbus 9600, 2300 RC Leiden.
Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 2005 May 14;149(20):1089-90.
Burning-mouth syndrome is characterised by a number of complaints of which the burning sensation in the mouth is the most important but cannot be explained by known medical causes. Although psychological factors can predispose for or trigger physical symptoms without a medical explanation, treatment directed at the proposed psychological causes has not proven to be very effective and is not acceptable for most patients. Treatment directed at reducing the consequences of the complaint that could play a role in maintaining the problem is, however, effective and is accepted by almost all patients. Consequences that could maintain the burning-mouth syndrome are anxiety, depression, selective attention, and measures taken to find relief but which can irritate the oral mucosa. The treating physician should inform the patient and help him to change his behaviour. If patients have become depressed or very anxious as a consequence of the complaints they should be referred to a cognitive-behaviour therapist specialised in the treatment of patients with physical symptoms without a medical explanation.
灼口综合征的特征是存在多种主诉，其中口腔内的烧灼感最为突出，但无法用已知的医学病因来解释。尽管心理因素可能会在没有医学解释的情况下诱发或引发身体症状，但针对所提出的心理病因进行的治疗尚未证明非常有效，并且大多数患者也难以接受。然而，针对减轻可能在维持问题中起作用的主诉后果的治疗是有效的，并且几乎所有患者都能接受。可能维持灼口综合征的后果包括焦虑、抑郁、选择性注意以及为寻求缓解而采取的但可能会刺激口腔黏膜的措施。治疗医生应告知患者并帮助其改变行为。如果患者因这些主诉而变得抑郁或非常焦虑，应将他们转介给专门治疗无医学解释的身体症状患者的认知行为治疗师。
