Chassefière E, Bertaux J-L, Berthelier J-J, Cabane M, Ciarletti V, Durry G, Forget F, Hamelin M, Leblanc F, Menvielle M, Gerasimov M, Korablev O, Linkin S, Managadze G, Jambon A, Manhès G, Lognonné Ph, Agrinier P, Cartigny P, Giardini D, Pike T, Kofman W, Herique A, Coll P, Person A, Costard F, Sarda Ph, Paillou Ph, Chaussidon M, Marty B, Robert F, Maurice S, Blanc M, d'Uston C, Sabroux J-Ch, Pineau J-F, Rochette P
Pôle de Planétologie de l'IPSL, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France.
Adv Space Res. 2004;34(8):1702-9. doi: 10.1016/j.asr.2003.08.078.
In view to prepare Mars human exploration, it is necessary to promote and lead, at the international level, a highly interdisciplinary program, involving specialists of geochemistry, geophysics, atmospheric science, space weather, and biology. The goal of this program will be to elaborate concepts of individual instruments, then of integrated instrumental packages, able to collect exhaustive data sets of environmental parameters from future landers and rovers of Mars, and to favour the conditions of their implementation. Such a program is one of the most urgent need for preparing human exploration, in order to develop mitigation strategies aimed at ensuring the safety of human explorers, and minimizing risk for surface operations. A few main areas of investigation may be listed: particle and radiation environment, chemical composition of atmosphere, meteorology, chemical composition of dust, surface and subsurface material, water in the subsurface, physical properties of the soil, search for an hypothesized microbial activity, characterization of radio-electric properties of the Martian ionosphere. Scientists at the origin of the present paper, already involved at a high degree of responsibility in several Mars missions, and actively preparing in situ instrumentation for future landed platforms (Netlander--now cancelled, MSL-09), express their readiness to participate in both ESA/AURORA and NASA programs of Mars human exploration. They think that the formation of a Mars Environment working group at ESA, in the course of the AURORA definition phase, could act positively in favour of the program, by increasing its scientific cross-section and making it still more focused on human exploration.
为筹备火星载人探索任务，有必要在国际层面推动并引领一个高度跨学科的项目，该项目需涵盖地球化学、地球物理学、大气科学、空间天气以及生物学等领域的专家。此项目的目标是精心设计单个仪器的概念，进而打造集成仪器包，使其能够从未来火星着陆器和漫游车收集详尽的环境参数数据集，并为这些仪器的实施创造有利条件。这样一个项目是筹备载人探索最迫切的需求之一，旨在制定缓解策略，以确保人类探索者的安全，并将地面作业风险降至最低。可列出几个主要研究领域：粒子与辐射环境、大气化学成分、气象学、尘埃化学成分、地表与地下物质、地下水资源、土壤物理性质、寻找假定的微生物活动、火星电离层无线电特性表征。撰写本文的科学家们已经深度参与了多项火星任务，并积极为未来着陆平台（Netlander，现已取消；MSL - 09）准备现场仪器，他们表示愿意参与欧洲航天局（ESA）/极光计划（AURORA）以及美国国家航空航天局（NASA）的火星载人探索项目。他们认为，在极光计划定义阶段，于欧洲航天局成立一个火星环境工作组，有助于扩大该项目的科学范围，并使其更专注于载人探索，从而对项目产生积极影响。
