Swindle M Michael, Nolan Thomas, Jacobson Andrew, Wolf Pamela, Dalton Michael J, Smith Alison C
Department of Comparative Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, USA.
Contemp Top Lab Anim Sci. 2005 May;44(3):7-17.
Intravascular catheterization access for injection and sampling is one of the most common experimental surgical procedures. The vascular access port (VAP) was developed as an alternative to externalization of catheters. A VAP typically is implanted subcutaneously, with an attached catheter that is tunneled to a blood vessel for chronic catheterization. Catheters and ports have been designed to reduce the problems of occlusion, venous thrombosis, and infection. Key issues involve the use of meticulous aseptic technique for implantation of the devices and a "locking" solution that prevents clotting and retention of residues within the catheter. There are species-specific differences to be considered when planning the surgical implantation and maintenance of these devices. This manuscript reviews the procedures that have been used in the implantation of VAPs in large animal species and makes recommendations for procedures that will decrease complication rates associated with long-term catheterization.
用于注射和采样的血管内插管是最常见的实验性外科手术之一。血管通路端口（VAP）作为导管外置的替代方法而被开发出来。VAP通常皮下植入，带有一根连接的导管，该导管经隧道通向血管用于长期插管。导管和端口的设计旨在减少堵塞、静脉血栓形成和感染等问题。关键问题包括在植入设备时使用细致的无菌技术以及一种防止导管内凝血和残留的“封管”溶液。在规划这些设备的手术植入和维护时，需要考虑物种特异性差异。本文综述了在大型动物物种中植入VAP所使用的程序，并对降低与长期插管相关的并发症发生率的程序提出建议。
