Neubauer David N
Department of Pyschiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287-7413, USA.
Prim Care. 2005 Jun;32(2):375-88. doi: 10.1016/j.pop.2005.02.006.
Insomnia is a common problem that is chronic for many individuals. Multiple processes, including psychologic, physiologic, and environmental factors, can influence insomnia, and their effects can shift over time. Accordingly, the evaluation of patients who have insomnia should be broad in scope. Insomnia represents a clinical problem with significant daytime consequences, associations, and comorbidities. Several nosologies categorize insomnia into specific diagnoses. Useful minimal criteria for an insomnia disorder include persistent nighttime symptoms with daytime distress or impairment. Specific treatments, addressing particular underlying causes,and general pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic strategies may play valuable roles in the management of insomnia patients. The effective treatment of insomnia can have further benefits in decreasing the likelihood of future psychiatric symptoms.
失眠是一个常见问题，对许多人来说是慢性的。多种过程，包括心理、生理和环境因素，都可能影响失眠，而且它们的影响会随时间而变化。因此，对失眠患者的评估应全面。失眠是一个具有显著日间后果、关联因素和合并症的临床问题。几种疾病分类法将失眠分为特定的诊断类型。失眠障碍的有用最低标准包括持续的夜间症状以及日间困扰或功能损害。针对特定潜在病因的具体治疗方法以及一般的药物和非药物策略，在失眠患者的管理中可能发挥重要作用。有效治疗失眠在降低未来出现精神症状的可能性方面可能还有进一步的益处。
