Grillner Sten, Hellgren Jeanette, Ménard Ariane, Saitoh Kazuya, Wikström Martin A
Nobel Institute for Neurophysiology, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE 17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
Trends Neurosci. 2005 Jul;28(7):364-70. doi: 10.1016/j.tins.2005.05.004.
The nervous system contains a toolbox of motor programs in the brainstem and spinal cord--that is, neuronal networks designed to handle the basic motor repertoire required for survival, including locomotion, posture, eye movements, breathing, chewing, swallowing and expression of emotions. The neural mechanisms responsible for selecting which motor program should be recruited at a given instant are the focus of this review. Motor programs are kept under tonic inhibition by GABAergic pallidal neurons (the output nuclei of the basal ganglia). The motor programs can be relieved from pallidal inhibition through activation of striatal neurons at the input stage of the basal ganglia. It is argued that the striatum has a prominent role in selecting which motor program should be called into action.
神经系统在脑干和脊髓中包含一个运动程序工具箱，也就是说，神经网络旨在处理生存所需的基本运动技能，包括运动、姿势、眼球运动、呼吸、咀嚼、吞咽和情绪表达。负责选择在给定时刻应调用哪个运动程序的神经机制是本综述的重点。运动程序受到GABA能苍白球神经元（基底神经节的输出核）的紧张性抑制。通过激活基底神经节输入阶段的纹状体神经元，可以解除苍白球对运动程序的抑制。有人认为，纹状体在选择应启动哪个运动程序方面起着重要作用。
