Hunt Gene, Roy Kaustuv, Jablonski David
Section of Ecology, Behavior, and Evolution, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0116, USA.
Am Nat. 2005 Jul;166(1):129-35; discussion 136-43. doi: 10.1086/430722. Epub 2005 May 31.
For many current issues in macroevolution and macroecology, it is important to know to what degree the attributes of species are shared among closely related lineages, a concept sometimes referred to as species-level heritability. Recently, Webb and Gaston proposed a new method for analyzing the heritability of geographic range size and concluded that range size is not heritable in Cretaceous gastropods (data from Jablonski) and modern birds (their data). Here we show that Webb and Gaston's method is flawed in that it implicitly assumes that range sizes are uniformly distributed. When range size distributions show their characteristic strong right skew, Webb and Gaston's method spuriously tends to find that range sizes of closely related pairs of species are more dissimilar than the random expectation. A reanalysis of Jablonski's data finds range size to be robustly and strongly heritable in Cretaceous gastropods and less strongly but still significantly heritable in present-day birds.
对于宏观进化和宏观生态学中的许多当前问题而言，了解物种属性在密切相关的谱系之间共享的程度非常重要，这一概念有时被称为物种水平的遗传力。最近，韦伯和加斯顿提出了一种分析地理分布范围大小遗传力的新方法，并得出结论，分布范围大小在白垩纪腹足类动物（来自雅布隆斯基的数据）和现代鸟类（他们自己的数据）中是不可遗传的。在这里，我们表明韦伯和加斯顿的方法存在缺陷，因为它隐含地假设分布范围大小是均匀分布的。当分布范围大小分布呈现出其特有的强烈右偏态时，韦伯和加斯顿的方法会错误地倾向于发现密切相关的物种对的分布范围大小比随机预期的更不相似。对雅布隆斯基数据的重新分析发现，分布范围大小在白垩纪腹足类动物中具有强大且显著的遗传性，在现代鸟类中遗传性虽较弱但仍显著。
