Harnik Paul G, Maherali Hafiz, Miller Joshua H, Manos Paul S
Department of Earth and Environment Franklin and Marshall College Lancaster PA USA.
Department of Integrative Biology University of Guelph Guelph ON Canada.
Ecol Evol. 2018 Feb 5;8(5):2632-2644. doi: 10.1002/ece3.3880. eCollection 2018 Mar.
The geographic ranges of taxa change in response to environmental conditions. Yet whether rates of range movement (biotic velocities) are phylogenetically conserved is not well known. Phylogenetic conservatism of biotic velocities could reflect similarities among related lineages in climatic tolerances and dispersal-associated traits. We assess whether late Quaternary biotic velocities were phylogenetically conserved and whether they correlate with climatic tolerances and dispersal-associated traits. We used phylogenetic regression and nonparametric correlation to evaluate associations between biotic velocities, dispersal-associated traits, and climatic tolerances for 28 woody plant genera and subgenera in North America. The velocities with which woody plant taxa shifted their core geographic range limits were positively correlated from time step to time step between 16 and 7 ka. The strength of this correlation weakened after 7 ka as the pace of climate change slowed. Dispersal-associated traits and climatic tolerances were not associated with biotic velocities. Although the biotic velocities of some genera were consistently fast and others consistently slow, biotic velocities were not phylogenetically conserved. The rapid late Quaternary range shifts of plants lacking traits that facilitate frequent long-distance dispersal has long been noted (i.e., Reid's Paradox). Our results are consistent with this paradox and show that it remains robust when phylogenetic information is taken into account. The lack of association between biotic velocities, dispersal-associated traits, and climatic tolerances may reflect several, nonmutually exclusive processes, including rare long-distance dispersal, biotic interactions, and cryptic refugia. Because late Quaternary biotic velocities were decoupled from dispersal-associated traits, trait data for genera and subgenera cannot be used to predict longer-term (millennial-scale) floristic responses to climate change.
分类群的地理分布范围会随着环境条件的变化而改变。然而，范围移动速度（生物速度）在系统发育上是否保守尚不清楚。生物速度的系统发育保守性可能反映了相关谱系在气候耐受性和与扩散相关的性状方面的相似性。我们评估了晚第四纪生物速度在系统发育上是否保守，以及它们是否与气候耐受性和与扩散相关的性状相关。我们使用系统发育回归和非参数相关性来评估北美28个木本植物属和亚属的生物速度、与扩散相关的性状和气候耐受性之间的关联。在16至7千年前的时间步长之间，木本植物分类群移动其核心地理范围界限的速度呈正相关。随着气候变化速度在7千年前减缓，这种相关性的强度减弱。与扩散相关的性状和气候耐受性与生物速度无关。尽管一些属的生物速度一直很快，而另一些属一直很慢，但生物速度在系统发育上并不保守。长期以来，人们一直注意到缺乏促进频繁长距离扩散性状的植物在晚第四纪范围内的快速移动（即里德悖论）。我们的结果与这个悖论一致，并表明在考虑系统发育信息时它仍然成立。生物速度、与扩散相关的性状和气候耐受性之间缺乏关联可能反映了几个并非相互排斥的过程，包括罕见的长距离扩散、生物相互作用和隐蔽避难所。由于晚第四纪生物速度与与扩散相关的性状脱钩，属和亚属的性状数据不能用于预测对气候变化的长期（千年尺度）植物区系响应。
