Barker S C, Murrell A
Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Queensland, Australia.
Parasitology. 2004;129 Suppl:S15-36. doi: 10.1017/s0031182004005207.
In recent years there has been much progress in our understanding of the phylogeny and evolution of ticks, in particular the hard ticks (Ixodidae). Indeed, a consensus about the phylogeny of the hard ticks has emerged which is quite different to the working hypothesis of 10 years ago. So that the classification reflects our knowledge of ticks, several changes to the nomenclature of ticks are imminent or have been made. One subfamily, the Hyalomminae, should be sunk, while another, the Bothriocrotoninae, has been created (Klompen, Dobson & Barker, 2002). Bothriocrotoninae, and its sole genus Bothriocroton, have been created to house an early-diverging ('basal') lineage of endemic Australian ticks that used to be in the genus Aponomma. The remaining species of the genus Aponomma have been moved to the genus Amblyomma. Thus, the name Aponomma is no longer a valid genus name. The genus Rhipicephalus is paraphyletic with respect to the genus Boophilus. Thus, the genus Boophilus has become a subgenus of the genus Rhipicephalus (Murrell & Barker, 2003). Knowledge of the phylogenetic relationships of ticks has also provided new insights into the evolution of ornateness and of their life cycles, and has allowed the historical zoogeography of ticks to be studied. Finally, we present a list of the 899 valid genus and species names of ticks as of February 2004.
近年来，我们对蜱类，特别是硬蜱（蜱科）的系统发育和进化有了很大进展。事实上，关于硬蜱系统发育的共识已经形成，这与10年前的工作假设大不相同。为了使分类反映我们对蜱类的了解，蜱类命名法即将进行一些改变或已经做出了一些改变。一个亚科，即璃眼蜱亚科，应该被合并，而另一个亚科，即巨盾蜱亚科，已经被创建（克洛彭、多布森和巴克，2002年）。创建巨盾蜱亚科及其唯一的属巨盾蜱，是为了容纳澳大利亚特有的蜱类早期分化（“基部”）谱系，这些蜱类以前属于扇头蜱属。扇头蜱属的其余物种已被转移到钝缘蜱属。因此，扇头蜱属不再是一个有效的属名。璃眼蜱属相对于牛蜱属是并系的。因此，牛蜱属已成为璃眼蜱属的一个亚属（默雷尔和巴克，2003年）。对蜱类系统发育关系的了解也为其形态装饰和生命周期的进化提供了新的见解，并使得对蜱类历史动物地理学的研究成为可能。最后，我们列出了截至2004年2月的899个有效的蜱类属名和种名。
