Willadsen P
CSIRO Livestock Industries, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, Queensland 4067, Australia.
Parasitology. 2004;129 Suppl:S367-87. doi: 10.1017/s0031182003004657.
There is now abundant evidence that vaccination with defined protein antigens is able to induce significant immunity to tick infestation. In a limited number of cases, this immunity has been duplicated by vaccination with recombinant antigens, a critical step on the pathway to commercial vaccine production. The existence of two commercial vaccines has allowed a number of field studies showing that the existing products can make an important contribution to an integrated approach to the control of ticks in the field. Under most circumstances however, the use of a tick vaccine as the single, stand alone control technology is likely to require more efficacious vaccines than those currently available. Increases in efficacy are most likely to come through the discovery of additional, effective vaccine antigens. The number of antigens with demonstrated effect is increasing, though only slowly, while the number of potential antigens that remain to be evaluated is increasing more quickly. There is limited, though convincing, evidence that some of these antigens will show effective cross-species protection, though in a poorly understood and unpredictable way. The groundwork has been laid; the potential of the field is still to be effectively exploited.
现在有大量证据表明，用特定的蛋白质抗原进行疫苗接种能够诱导对蜱虫叮咬产生显著免疫力。在少数情况下，用重组抗原进行疫苗接种也能产生同样的免疫力，这是商业疫苗生产过程中的关键一步。两种商业疫苗的存在使得一些实地研究得以开展，结果表明现有产品能够为野外蜱虫综合防治方法做出重要贡献。然而，在大多数情况下，将蜱虫疫苗作为单一的独立控制技术使用，可能需要比现有疫苗更有效的疫苗。提高疫苗效力最有可能通过发现更多有效的疫苗抗原来实现。已证明有效果的抗原数量虽在增加，但速度缓慢，而有待评估的潜在抗原数量增长更快。虽然证据有限但令人信服的是，其中一些抗原将显示出有效的跨物种保护作用，不过其方式尚不清楚且难以预测。基础工作已经完成；该领域的潜力仍有待有效挖掘。
