土壤中的微生物基因表达：方法、应用与挑战
Microbial gene expression in soil: methods, applications and challenges.
作者信息
Saleh-Lakha Saleema, Miller Michelle, Campbell Rachel G, Schneider Kim, Elahimanesh Parastu, Hart Miranda M, Trevors Jack T
机构信息
Department of Environmental Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1.
出版信息
J Microbiol Methods. 2005 Oct;63(1):1-19. doi: 10.1016/j.mimet.2005.03.007.
About 99% of soil microorganisms are unculturable. However, advances in molecular biology techniques allow for the analysis of living microorganisms. With the advent of new technologies and the optimization of previous methods, various approaches to studying gene expression are expanding the field of microbiology and molecular biology. Methods used for RNA extraction, DNA microarrays, real-time PCR, competitive RT-PCR, stable isotope probing and the use of reporter genes provide methods for detecting and quantifying gene expression. Through the use of these methods, researchers can study the influence of soil environmental factors such as nutrients, oxygen status, pH, pollutants, agro-chemicals, moisture and temperature on gene expression and some of the mechanisms involved in the responses of cells to their environment. This review will also address information gaps in bacterial gene expression in soil and possible future research to develop an understanding of microbial activities in soil environments.
约99%的土壤微生物无法培养。然而，分子生物学技术的进步使得对活微生物的分析成为可能。随着新技术的出现以及先前方法的优化，各种研究基因表达的方法正在拓展微生物学和分子生物学领域。用于RNA提取、DNA微阵列、实时PCR、竞争性RT-PCR、稳定同位素探测以及报告基因使用的方法，为检测和定量基因表达提供了手段。通过使用这些方法，研究人员能够研究诸如养分、氧气状况、pH值、污染物、农用化学品、湿度和温度等土壤环境因素对基因表达的影响，以及细胞对其环境作出反应所涉及的一些机制。本综述还将探讨土壤中细菌基因表达方面的信息空白，以及未来为深入了解土壤环境中微生物活动可能开展的研究。
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