Petrusic W M, Cloutier P
Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
Percept Psychophys. 1992 May;51(5):485-99. doi: 10.3758/bf03211644.
An experiment is reported in which it was found that when subjects were required to indicate which of two visual extents was more difficult to categorize as "long" or "short," they executed these categorizations and then measured the distance of the representation of each stimulus from the long-short category boundary; the stimulus nearer the boundary was judged to be the more difficult. When they were requested to indicate which was easier to categorize, they selected the alternative that was farther. Coombs's theory of data (1952, 1964) and his unfolding theory of preferential choice (1950, 1964) provided the conceptualization of metacognition in this psychophysical task context. Strong support for the probabilistic version of unfolding theory was obtained from the observed selective effects of laterality on the levels of stochastic transitivity attained for various classes of triples and the reliably longer times for comparisons with bilateral pairs than with unilateral pairs. The semantic congruity effects obtained, together with the changes in the form of the relationship between probability and response time as a function of practice, can be best accounted for by an evidence accrual theory in which the distances from the active reference point are measured and compared with a criterion on each evidence accrual. No support is provided for the view that propositionally based semantic "ease"-"difficulty" codes serve as the basis for these metacognitive comparative judgments of ease and difficulty.
本文报告了一项实验，实验发现，当要求受试者指出两个视觉范围中哪一个更难归类为“长”或“短”时，他们会进行这些分类，然后测量每个刺激的表征与长短类别边界的距离；离边界较近的刺激被判断为更难。当要求他们指出哪一个更容易分类时，他们选择了距离更远的那个。库姆斯的数据理论（1952年，1964年）及其偏好选择的展开理论（1950年，1964年）为这种心理物理学任务背景下的元认知提供了概念化。从观察到的侧向性对各类三元组所达到的随机传递性水平的选择性影响以及与双侧对相比单侧对的比较时间可靠地更长，获得了对展开理论概率版本的有力支持。所获得的语义一致性效应，以及概率与反应时间之间关系形式随练习的变化，最好用证据积累理论来解释，在该理论中，测量与活跃参考点的距离，并与每次证据积累时的标准进行比较。对于基于命题的语义“容易”-“困难”代码作为这些元认知的难易比较判断基础的观点，没有提供支持。
