Andrews Z B
Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
J Neuroendocrinol. 2005 Jul;17(7):466-73. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2826.2005.01327.x.
Prolactin is an anterior pituitary hormone critical for maintaining pregnancy and lactation. Under normal conditions, prolactin secretion is tightly regulated by inhibitory dopaminergic neuronal systems within the mediobasal hypothalamus in a process known as short-loop negative feedback. This review focuses on neuroendocrine adaptations to prolactin negative feedback during late pregnancy. It is suggested that, in terms of prolactin regulation, late pregnancy is a transition period into lactation because many of the neuroendocrine adaptations promoting hyperprolactinemia in lactation develop during late pregnancy. As a consequence, the maternal brain is geared to provide unrestrained prolactin release critical for milk production, maternal care and thus survival of the offspring before parturition. The mechanisms responsible for these changes are discussed.
催乳素是一种垂体前叶激素，对维持妊娠和泌乳至关重要。在正常情况下，催乳素的分泌受到中基底下丘脑内抑制性多巴胺能神经元系统的严格调控，这一过程称为短环负反馈。本综述聚焦于妊娠晚期神经内分泌对催乳素负反馈的适应性变化。研究表明，就催乳素调节而言，妊娠晚期是向泌乳期的过渡阶段，因为许多促进泌乳期高催乳素血症的神经内分泌适应性变化在妊娠晚期就已出现。因此，母体大脑会进行相应调整，以便在分娩前释放不受抑制的催乳素，这对乳汁分泌、母体护理以及后代存活至关重要。本文还讨论了导致这些变化的机制。
