Craig H L, Craig P S
School of Biological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK.
J Helminthol. 2005 Jun;79(2):95-103. doi: 10.1079/joh2005282.
A literature survey was undertaken in order to draw up a definitive list of helminth parasites of the wolf, Canis lupus. From 27 papers a total of 72 helminth species from 40 genera were recorded that infect wolves, of which 93% were identified from the gastrointestinal tract at necropsy. They comprised 28 species of nematode, 27 species of cestode, 16 species of trematode and one acanthocephalan. Of these, 46 species were able to be included in further meta-analysis of prevalence data derived from 25 publications for which the total number of wolves examined was 1282 (1066 from Nearctic populations, and 216 from the Palaearctic region). These two populations were further subdivided into three relevent ecosystems or biomes, i.e. temperate/montane (n=216), boreal (n=805) or tundra (n=261). The meta-analysis of relative prevalence indicated the most common helminth species to be the tapeworm Taenia hydatigena, which occurred at relative rates of >30% for either zoogeographic region as well as in each of the three biomes. The related tapeworm, Echinococcus granulosus also exhibited high meta-prevalence (>19%) in all host biomes. The hookworm Uncinaria stenocephala was the most prevalent nematode species by meta-analysis (meta-prevalence 44.9%) in the temperate/montane biome, while the ascarid Toxascaris leonina was the dominant helminth species (meta-prevalence 73.9%) in the tundra wolf populations. Trematodes in the genus Alaria were the dominant fluke (meta-prevalence 3-5%) in all biomes. Analysis of published studies for helminth biodiversity using the Shannon-Wiener index based on species number and meta-prevalence by region or biome, indicated that highest helminth diversity occurred in wolf populations of the temperate/ montane biome (Palaearctic), and was lowest in tundra wolf populations of the Nearctic (P<0.05). Helminth species assemblage in European wolf populations was therefore at least as great or more varied than was recorded for the larger less disturbed wolf populations of North America.
为了列出狼（Canis lupus）体内蠕虫寄生虫的确切清单，我们进行了文献调查。从27篇论文中，共记录了40个属的72种感染狼的蠕虫物种，其中93%是在尸检时从胃肠道中鉴定出来的。它们包括28种线虫、27种绦虫、16种吸虫和1种棘头虫。其中，46种能够纳入对来自25篇出版物的患病率数据的进一步荟萃分析，这些出版物中检查的狼的总数为1282只（1066只来自新北区种群，216只来自古北区）。这两个种群进一步细分为三个相关的生态系统或生物群落，即温带/山地（n = 216）、北方（n = 805）或苔原（n = 261）。相对患病率的荟萃分析表明，最常见的蠕虫物种是绦虫细粒棘球绦虫（Taenia hydatigena），在两个动物地理区域以及三个生物群落中的相对发生率均>30%。相关的绦虫多房棘球绦虫（Echinococcus granulosus）在所有宿主生物群落中也表现出较高的荟萃患病率（>19%）。通过荟萃分析，窄头钩虫（Uncinaria stenocephala）是温带/山地生物群落中最普遍的线虫物种（荟萃患病率44.9%），而狮弓蛔虫（Toxascaris leonina）是苔原狼种群中占主导地位的蠕虫物种（荟萃患病率73.9%）。艾氏属（Alaria）的吸虫是所有生物群落中占主导地位的吸虫（荟萃患病率3 - 5%）。基于物种数量和按区域或生物群落的荟萃患病率，使用香农 - 维纳指数对已发表的蠕虫生物多样性研究进行分析，结果表明，温带/山地生物群落（古北区）的狼种群中蠕虫多样性最高，而新北区苔原狼种群中的蠕虫多样性最低（P<0.05）。因此，欧洲狼种群中的蠕虫物种组合至少与北美受干扰较小的较大狼种群中记录的一样多或更多样化。
