Hermosilla Carlos, Kleinertz Sonja, Silva Liliana M R, Hirzmann Jörg, Huber Djuro, Kusak Josip, Taubert Anja
Institute of Parasitology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
Institute of Parasitology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
Vet Parasitol. 2017 Jan 15;233:14-19. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2016.11.011. Epub 2016 Nov 11.
The European wolf (Canis lupus) is a large carnivore species present in limited areas of Europe with several small populations still being considered as endangered. Wolves can be infected by a wide range of protozoan and metazoan parasites with some of them affecting free-living wolf health condition. On this account, an epidemiological survey was conducted to analyze the actual parasite fauna in Croatian wild wolves. In total, 400 individual faecal samples were collected during field studies on wolf ecology in the years 2002-2011. Parasite stages were identified by the sodium acetate acetic acid formalin (SAF)-technique, carbolfuchsin-stained faecal smears and Giardia/Cryptosporidium coproantigen-ELISAs. A subset of taeniid eggs-positive wolf samples was additionally analyzed by PCR and subsequent sequencing to identify eggs on Echinococcus granulosus/E. multilocularis species level. In total 18 taxa of parasites were here detected. Sarcocystis spp. (19.1%) occurred most frequently in faecal samples, being followed by Capillaria spp. (16%), ancylostomatids (13.1%), Crenosoma vulpis (4.6%), Angiostrongylus vasorum (3.1%), Toxocara canis (2.8%), Hammondia/Neospora spp. (2.6 %), Cystoisospora ohioensis (2.1%), Giardia spp. (2.1%), Cystoisospora canis (1.8%), Cryptosporidium spp. (1.8%), Trichuris vulpis (1.5%), Taenia spp. (1.5%), Diphyllobothrium latum (1.5%), Strongyloides spp. (0.5%), Opisthorchis felineus (0.5%), Toxascaris leonina (0.3%), Mesocestoides litteratus (0.3%) and Alaria alata (0.3%). Some of the here identified parasites represent relevant pathogens for wolves, circulating between these carnivorous definitive hosts and a variety of mammalian intermediate hosts, e. g. Taenia spp. and Sarcocystis spp., while others are considered exclusively pathogenic for canids (e.g. A. vasorum, C. vulpis, T. vulpis, Cystoisospora spp.). This study provides first records on the occurrence of the two relevant anthropozoonotic parasites, Giardia spp. and Cryptosporidium spp., in wild wolves from Croatia.
欧洲狼（Canis lupus）是一种大型食肉动物，分布于欧洲的有限区域，其几个小种群仍被视为濒危物种。狼可被多种原生动物和后生动物寄生虫感染，其中一些会影响自由生活的狼的健康状况。基于此，开展了一项流行病学调查，以分析克罗地亚野狼体内实际的寄生虫群落。在2002年至2011年对狼生态的野外研究中，共收集了400份个体粪便样本。通过乙酸钠-乙酸-福尔马林（SAF）技术、石炭酸品红染色粪便涂片和贾第虫/隐孢子虫粪便抗原酶联免疫吸附测定法来鉴定寄生虫阶段。对一部分带绦虫卵阳性的狼样本还进行了聚合酶链反应（PCR）及后续测序分析，以在细粒棘球绦虫/多房棘球绦虫物种水平上鉴定虫卵。在此共检测到18种寄生虫分类单元。肉孢子虫属（19.1%）在粪便样本中出现的频率最高，其次是毛细线虫属（16%）、钩虫类（13.1%）、狐肺线虫（4.6%）、血管圆线虫（3.1%）、犬弓首蛔虫（2.8%）、哈蒙德虫属/新孢子虫属（2.6%）、俄亥俄等孢球虫（2.1%）、贾第虫属（2.1%）、犬等孢球虫（1.8%）、隐孢子虫属（1.8%）、狐毛首线虫（1.5%）、带绦虫属（1.5%）、阔节裂头绦虫（1.5%）、类圆线虫属（0.5%）、猫后睾吸虫（0.5%）、狮弓蛔虫（0.3%）、中殖孔绦虫（0.3%）和翼形吸虫（0.3%）。这里鉴定出的一些寄生虫是狼的相关病原体，在这些肉食性终末宿主和多种哺乳动物中间宿主之间传播，例如带绦虫属和肉孢子虫属，而其他一些则被认为仅对犬科动物具有致病性（如血管圆线虫、狐肺线虫、狐毛首线虫、等孢球虫属）。本研究首次记录了两种相关的人兽共患寄生虫，即贾第虫属和隐孢子虫属，在克罗地亚野狼体内的存在情况。
