Brook Itzhak, Gober Alan E
Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA.
Chest. 2005 Jun;127(6):2072-5. doi: 10.1378/chest.127.6.2072.
Active smoking and passive exposure to cigarette smoke are associated with colonization by some potentially pathogenic species of bacteria and an increased risk of respiratory tract infection in both adults and children. In an attempt to explain these observations, this study compared the frequency of isolation of potential pathogens, and aerobic and anaerobic bacteria that possess interfering capabilities (ie, interfering with the in vitro growth of potential pathogens) in the nasopharynx of smokers to their recovery in nonsmokers.
Nasopharyngeal specimens for cultures were taken from 20 smokers and 20 nonsmokers. Potential pathogens, and aerobic and anaerobic bacteria with interfering capabilities against these organisms were identified.
Fourteen potential pathogens (0.7 per patient) were isolated from nasopharyngeal cultures obtained from 11 of the 20 smokers, and 4 (0.2 per patient) were recovered from 3 of the 20 nonsmokers (p < 0.01). In vitro bacterial interference between two aerobic (alpha-hemolytic and nonhemolytic streptococci) and two anaerobic species (Prevotella and Peptostreptococcus species), and four potential pathogens (Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae [non-type b], Moraxella catarrhalis, and Streptococcus pyogenes) was observed. Bacterial interference was noted in 61 instances against the four potential pathogens by 22 normal flora isolates that were recovered from the group of smokers, and in 155 instances by 50 isolates from the group of nonsmokers (p < 0.01).
These findings illustrate for the first time that the nasopharyngeal flora of smokers contains fewer aerobic and anaerobic organisms with interfering capabilities and more potential pathogens compared with those of nonsmokers.
主动吸烟和被动接触香烟烟雾与某些潜在致病菌种的定植以及成人和儿童呼吸道感染风险增加有关。为了解释这些观察结果，本研究比较了吸烟者和非吸烟者鼻咽部潜在病原体以及具有干扰能力（即干扰潜在病原体体外生长）的需氧菌和厌氧菌的分离频率。
从20名吸烟者和20名非吸烟者采集鼻咽部培养标本。鉴定潜在病原体以及对这些病原体具有干扰能力的需氧菌和厌氧菌。
从20名吸烟者中的11名的鼻咽培养物中分离出14种潜在病原体（每位患者0.7种），从20名非吸烟者中的3名中分离出4种（每位患者0.2种）（p<0.01）。观察到两种需氧菌（α溶血性和非溶血性链球菌）和两种厌氧菌（普雷沃菌属和消化链球菌属）与四种潜在病原体（肺炎链球菌、流感嗜血杆菌[非b型]、卡他莫拉菌和化脓性链球菌）之间的体外细菌干扰。从吸烟者组中回收的22株正常菌群分离株对四种潜在病原体有61次细菌干扰，从非吸烟者组中回收的50株分离株有155次细菌干扰（p<0.01）。
这些发现首次表明，与非吸烟者相比，吸烟者的鼻咽菌群中具有干扰能力的需氧菌和厌氧菌较少，潜在病原体较多。
